I Kings 5

מלכים א׳ פרק ה׳

Section: נביאים · נביאים ראשונים | Book: I Kings | Chapter: 5 of 22 | Day: 105 of 742

Date: May 27, 2026

קלאוד על הנ״ך

I Kings 5 is the chapter in which the abstraction of Shlomo’s wisdom — promised in the dream at Givon, demonstrated in the judgment of the two mothers — is finally translated into the material conditions of an empire and the diplomatic architecture of a Temple. The chapter falls naturally into three movements: a panorama of the kingdom’s reach and prosperity (verses 1-8), a portrait of Shlomo’s wisdom in its full intellectual and literary range (verses 9-14), and the long, carefully detailed account of his negotiations with Hiram of Tyre and the mobilization of Israelite labor for the Beit HaMikdash (verses 15-32). Each movement prepares the next: the prosperity of the kingdom is the precondition for serious wisdom; the wisdom is the precondition for the audacity of the Temple project; the international diplomacy is the practical execution.

The opening panorama describes a Davidic dream realized at scale. Shlomo’s dominion runs from the Euphrates to the border of Egypt, the boundaries promised to Avraham (Bereishit 15:18), and tribute flows in from all the peoples within that arc. The royal table requires staggering daily quantities — thirty kor of fine flour and sixty of ordinary flour, ten fattened oxen and twenty from pasture, a hundred sheep, and an astonishing variety of game including deer, gazelles, and roebucks. The mishpat hamelech, the cost of monarchy, that Shmuel had warned Israel about (Shmuel I 8:11-17) has now arrived in full form. Yet the chapter frames it not as a tax burden but as the visible glow of stability: every Jew, from Dan to Beer-sheva, dwells “under his vine and under his fig tree” — the prophetic image of messianic peace borrowed by Micha and Zecharia later, here reported as already accomplished. Forty thousand stalls of horses for chariotry and twelve thousand riders give a sense of the army Shlomo never had to use; the rotating system of twelve regional prefects, each providing the royal household for one month of the year, is the bureaucratic machinery that supports it all.

The middle section is one of Tanakh’s most concentrated meditations on wisdom as a literary phenomenon. Shlomo’s chochma is “כחול אשר על שפת הים” — as vast as the sand on the seashore, the very metric used in the promise to Avraham about his offspring. He surpasses the bnei kedem (the wisdom traditions of the East — Edom, Arabia, Mesopotamia) and the famed wisdom of Egypt. He outshines named individual sages: Eitan the Ezrachi (whom tradition identifies with Avraham himself, and to whom Tehillim 89 is attributed), Heiman, Calcol, and Darda. He composed three thousand mishlei (proverbs) and his songs numbered a thousand and five — the biblical book of Mishlei is traditionally seen as a curated remnant. The list of his subjects is striking: he discoursed on trees, from the cedar of Lebanon to the hyssop that grows from the wall; and on animals, beasts and birds and creeping things and fish. This is the wisdom of natural philosophy — taxonomy, classification, the patterns of the created world. Envoys came from all the kings of the earth to hear it, an early image of Israel as a magnet of universal learning. Chazal in Mesechta Eruvin and elsewhere read this catalogue as covering all knowledge that has practical value; later traditions associated lost works on plants and animals with Shlomo’s teaching.

The third section is the chapter’s longest and most consequential. King Hiram of Tzor (Tyre), the Phoenician monarch who had been a friend of David, sends envoys to congratulate the new king. Shlomo seizes the moment to launch the project that will define his reign. The letter he sends Hiram is a small masterpiece of diplomatic theology: it explains why his father David could not build the Beit HaMikdash (because of the wars that surrounded him until God placed enemies under his feet), and why now is the time (because the Lord his God has granted menucha — rest — on every side, with no satan and no pega ra). Shlomo cites the divine promise that David’s son who sits on his throne will build the House. He requests cedars from Lebanon, offering Israelite labor to work alongside Phoenician craftsmen, with full payment, and acknowledging openly that no one in Israel knows how to cut timber like the Tzidonim. The honesty about Israel’s lack of forestry expertise is striking, and the partnership it implies — Israelite vision and Phoenician technique — becomes the working model for the construction.

Hiram’s response is one of the most beautiful diplomatic exchanges in Tanakh. He hears Shlomo’s letter and rejoices, declaring “Blessed is Hashem this day, who has given David a wise son over this great people.” From a foreign monarch this is no small thing — a Phoenician king blessing the God of Israel, recognizing that what is happening in Yerushalayim is not just a kingdom-building project but something the God of Israel has authored. The trade emerges in concrete detail: Hiram’s men will float the timber down the coast as rafts (a Phoenician maritime specialty); Shlomo will pay annually with twenty thousand kor of wheat as food for Hiram’s household and twenty kor of beaten olive oil. The two kings cut a brit — a formal covenant — and the chapter notes pointedly that Hashem gave Shlomo the wisdom he had promised, and there was peace between Hiram and Shlomo. Wisdom and peace, the two opening themes of the chapter, become the conditions for the great work.

The chapter closes with the practical mobilization. Shlomo conscripts thirty thousand Israelites for forced labor in Lebanon, working in monthly shifts (one month abroad, two at home — already a humane rotation). Adoniram is appointed over the levy. Seventy thousand porters and eighty thousand quarriers are at work in the hills, with three thousand three hundred officers supervising. The king orders large stones, costly stones, hewn stones for the foundations of the House. Israelite, Tzori, and Givli (Byblos) masons together prepare timber and stone. The chapter ends with the materials assembled: “ויכינו העצים והאבנים לבנות הבית” — they prepared the timber and the stones to build the House. The next chapter will open with the actual construction. But the work of chapter 5 — the wealth, the wisdom, the diplomacy, the labor, the joining of Israelite vision with Phoenician craftsmanship and Givli stoneworking — has done what every great project requires before its first stone is laid: it has assembled the conditions for its own possibility.

פרק ה׳ · Chapter 5

פסוק א׳ · Verse 1

Hebrew:

וּשְׁלֹמֹ֗ה הָיָ֤ה מוֹשֵׁל֙ בְּכׇל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת מִן־הַנָּהָר֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְעַ֖ד גְּב֣וּל מִצְרָ֑יִם מַגִּשִׁ֥ים מִנְחָ֛ה וְעֹבְדִ֥ים אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה כׇּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ {פ}

English:

Solomon’s rule extended over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines and the boundary of Egypt. They brought Solomon tribute and were subject to him all his life.

פסוק ב׳ · Verse 2

Hebrew:

וַיְהִ֥י לֶֽחֶם־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְי֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים כֹּר֙ סֹ֔לֶת וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים כֹּ֖ר קָֽמַח׃

English:

Solomon’s daily provisions consisted of 30 kors of semolina, and 60 kors of [ordinary] flour,

פסוק ג׳ · Verse 3

Hebrew:

עֲשָׂרָ֨ה בָקָ֜ר בְּרִאִ֗ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים בָּקָ֛ר רְעִ֖י וּמֵ֣אָה צֹ֑אן לְ֠בַ֠ד מֵאַיָּ֤ל וּצְבִי֙ וְיַחְמ֔וּר וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖ים אֲבוּסִֽים׃

English:

10 fattened oxen, 20 pasture-fed oxen, and 100 sheep and goats, besides deer and gazelles, roebucks and fatted geese.afatted geese Exact meaning of Heb. uncertain.

פסוק ד׳ · Verse 4

Hebrew:

כִּי־ה֞וּא רֹדֶ֣ה ׀ בְּכׇל־עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר מִתִּפְסַח֙ וְעַד־עַזָּ֔ה בְּכׇל־מַלְכֵ֖י עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְשָׁל֗וֹם הָ֥יָה ל֛וֹ מִכׇּל־עֲבָרָ֖יו מִסָּבִֽיב׃

English:

For he controlled the whole region west of the Euphrates—all the kings west of the Euphrates, from Tiphsah to Gaza—and he had peace on all his borders round about.

פסוק ה׳ · Verse 5

Hebrew:

וַיֵּ֩שֶׁב֩ יְהוּדָ֨ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לָבֶ֗טַח אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֤חַת גַּפְנוֹ֙ וְתַ֣חַת תְּאֵנָת֔וֹ מִדָּ֖ן וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ {ס}        

English:

All the days of Solomon, Judah and Israel from Dan to Beer-sheba dwelt in safety, every family under its own vine and fig tree.

פסוק ו׳ · Verse 6

Hebrew:

וַיְהִ֣י לִשְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אֻֽרְוֺ֥ת סוּסִ֖ים לְמֶרְכָּב֑וֹ וּשְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִֽׁים׃

English:

Solomon had 40,000 stalls of horses for his chariotry and 12,000 riders.

פסוק ז׳ · Verse 7

Hebrew:

וְכִלְכְּלוּ֩ הַנִּצָּבִ֨ים הָאֵ֜לֶּה אֶת־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה וְאֵ֧ת כׇּל־הַקָּרֵ֛ב אֶל־שֻׁלְחַ֥ן הַמֶּלֶךְ־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ חׇדְשׁ֑וֹ לֹ֥א יְעַדְּר֖וּ דָּבָֽר׃

English:

bResuming the account begun in 4.2. All those prefects, each during his month, would furnish provisions for King Solomon and for all who were admitted to King Solomon’s table; they did not fall short in anything.

פסוק ח׳ · Verse 8

Hebrew:

וְהַשְּׂעֹרִ֣ים וְהַתֶּ֔בֶן לַסּוּסִ֖ים וְלָרָ֑כֶשׁ יָבִ֗אוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִֽהְיֶה־שָּׁ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ כְּמִשְׁפָּטֽוֹ׃ {ס}        

English:

They would also, each in his turn, deliver barley and straw for the horses and the swift steeds to the places where they were stationed.

פסוק ט׳ · Verse 9

Hebrew:

וַיִּתֵּן֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חׇכְמָ֧ה לִשְׁלֹמֹ֛ה וּתְבוּנָ֖ה הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וְרֹ֣חַב לֵ֔ב כַּח֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם׃

English:

God endowed Solomon with wisdom and discernment in great measure, with understanding as vast as the sands on the seashore.

פסוק י״ · Verse 10

Hebrew:

וַתֵּ֙רֶב֙ חׇכְמַ֣ת שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מֵחׇכְמַ֖ת כׇּל־בְּנֵי־קֶ֑דֶם וּמִכֹּ֖ל חׇכְמַ֥ת מִצְרָֽיִם׃

English:

Solomon’s wisdom was greater than the wisdom of all the Kedemites and than all the wisdom of the Egyptians.

פסוק י״א · Verse 11

Hebrew:

וַיֶּחְכַּם֮ מִכׇּל־הָאָדָם֒ מֵאֵיתָ֣ן הָאֶזְרָחִ֗י וְהֵימָ֧ן וְכַלְכֹּ֛ל וְדַרְדַּ֖ע בְּנֵ֣י מָח֑וֹל וַיְהִֽי־שְׁמ֥וֹ בְכׇֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם סָבִֽיב׃

English:

He was wiser than anybody else—including Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, Chalkol, and Darda the sons of Mahol. His fame spread among all the surrounding nations.

פסוק י״ב · Verse 12

Hebrew:

וַיְדַבֵּ֕ר שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים מָשָׁ֑ל וַיְהִ֥י שִׁיר֖וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וָאָֽלֶף׃

English:

He composed three thousand proverbs, and his songs numbered one thousand and five.

פסוק י״ג · Verse 13

Hebrew:

וַיְדַבֵּר֮ עַל־הָעֵצִים֒ מִן־הָאֶ֙רֶז֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֔וֹן וְעַד֙ הָאֵז֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹצֵ֖א בַּקִּ֑יר וַיְדַבֵּר֙ עַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֣ה וְעַל־הָע֔וֹף וְעַל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ וְעַל־הַדָּגִֽים׃

English:

He discoursed about trees, from the cedar in Lebanon to the hyssop that grows out of the wall; and he discoursed about beasts, birds, creeping things, and fishes.

פסוק י״ד · Verse 14

Hebrew:

וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ מִכׇּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים לִשְׁמֹ֕עַ אֵ֖ת חׇכְמַ֣ת שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה מֵאֵת֙ כׇּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶת־חׇכְמָתֽוֹ׃ {ס}        

English:

EnvoyscEnvoys Heb. “They.” came from all peoples to hear Solomon’s wisdom, [sent] by all the monarchs of the earth who had heard of his wisdom.

פסוק ט״ו · Verse 15

Hebrew:

וַ֠יִּשְׁלַ֠ח חִירָ֨ם מֶלֶךְ־צ֤וֹר אֶת־עֲבָדָיו֙ אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע כִּ֥י אֹת֛וֹ מָשְׁח֥וּ לְמֶ֖לֶךְ תַּ֣חַת אָבִ֑יהוּ כִּ֣י אֹהֵ֗ב הָיָ֥ה חִירָ֛ם לְדָוִ֖ד כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ {ס}        

English:

King Hiram of Tyre sent his officials to Solomon when he heard that he had been anointed king in place of his father; for Hiram had always been a friend of David.

פסוק ט״ז · Verse 16

Hebrew:

וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֶל־חִירָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃

English:

Solomon sent this message to Hiram:

פסוק י״ז · Verse 17

Hebrew:

אַתָּ֨ה יָדַ֜עְתָּ אֶת־דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֗י כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָכֹל֙ לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֗יִת לְשֵׁם֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו מִפְּנֵ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבָבֻ֑הוּ עַ֤ד תֵּת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם תַּ֖��ַת כַּפּ֥וֹת (רגלו) [רַגְלָֽי]׃

English:

“You know that my father David could not build a house for the name of the ETERNAL his God because of the enemiesdenemies Heb. “war”; cf. Targum. that encompassed him, until GOD had placed them under the soles of his feet.

פסוק י״ח · Verse 18

Hebrew:

וְעַתָּ֕ה הֵנִ֨יחַ יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהַ֛י לִ֖י מִסָּבִ֑יב אֵ֣ין שָׂטָ֔ן וְאֵ֖ין פֶּ֥גַע רָֽע׃

English:

But now the ETERNAL my God has given me respite all around; there is no adversary and no mischance.

פסוק י״ט · Verse 19

Hebrew:

וְהִנְנִ֣י אֹמֵ֔ר לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לְשֵׁ֖ם יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד אָבִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בִּנְךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֶתֵּ֤ן תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ עַל־כִּסְאֶ֔ךָ הוּא־יִבְנֶ֥ה הַבַּ֖יִת לִשְׁמִֽי׃

English:

And so I propose to build a house for the name of the ETERNAL my God, as the ETERNAL promised my father David, saying, ‘Your son, whom I will set on your throne in your place, shall build the house for My name.‘

פסוק כ׳ · Verse 20

Hebrew:

וְעַתָּ֡ה צַוֵּה֩ וְיִכְרְתוּ־לִ֨י אֲרָזִ֜ים מִן־הַלְּבָנ֗וֹן וַעֲבָדַי֙ יִהְי֣וּ עִם־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּשְׂכַ֤ר עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמֵ֑ר כִּ֣י ׀ אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתָּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין בָּ֛נוּ אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ לִכְרׇת־עֵצִ֖ים כַּצִּדֹנִֽים׃

English:

Please, then, give orders for cedars to be cut for me in the Lebanon. My servants will work with yours, and I will pay you any wages you may ask for your servants; for as you know, there is none among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians.”

פסוק כ״א · Verse 21

Hebrew:

וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֧עַ חִירָ֛ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה וַיִּשְׂמַ֣ח מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בָּר֤וּךְ יְהֹוָה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤ן לְדָוִד֙ בֵּ֣ן חָכָ֔ם עַל־הָעָ֥ם הָרָ֖ב הַזֶּֽה׃

English:

When Hiram heard Solomon’s message, he was overjoyed. “Praised be GOD this day,” he said, “for granting David a wise son to govern this great people.”

פסוק כ״ב · Verse 22

Hebrew:

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח חִירָם֙ אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁמַ֕עְתִּי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֖חְתָּ אֵלָ֑י אֲנִ֤י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֶת־כׇּל־חֶפְצְךָ֔ בַּעֲצֵ֥י אֲרָזִ֖ים וּבַעֲצֵ֥י בְרוֹשִֽׁים׃

English:

So Hiram sent word to Solomon: “I have your message; I will supply all the cedar and cypress logs you require.

פסוק כ״ג · Verse 23

Hebrew:

עֲ֠בָדַ֠י יֹרִ֨דוּ מִן־הַלְּבָנ֜וֹן יָ֗מָּה וַ֠אֲנִ֠י אֲשִׂימֵ֨ם דֹּבְר֤וֹת בַּיָּם֙ עַֽד־הַמָּק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁלַ֥ח אֵלַ֛י וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥ים שָׁ֖ם וְאַתָּ֣ה תִשָּׂ֑א וְאַתָּה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֶת־חֶפְצִ֔י לָתֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם בֵּיתִֽי׃

English:

My servants will bring them down to the sea from the Lebanon; and at the sea I will make them into floats and [deliver them] to any place that you designate to me. There I shall break them up for you to carry away. You, in turn, will supply the food I require for my household.”

פסוק כ״ד · Verse 24

Hebrew:

וַיְהִ֨י חִיר֜וֹם נֹתֵ֣ן לִשְׁלֹמֹ֗ה עֲצֵ֧י אֲרָזִ֛ים וַעֲצֵ֥י בְרוֹשִׁ֖ים כׇּל־חֶפְצֽוֹ׃

English:

So Hiram kept Solomon provided with all the cedar and cypress wood he required,

פסוק כ״ה · Verse 25

Hebrew:

וּשְׁלֹמֹה֩ נָתַ֨ן לְחִירָ֜ם עֶשְׂרִים֩ אֶ֨לֶף כֹּ֤ר חִטִּים֙ מַכֹּ֣לֶת לְבֵית֔וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים כֹּ֖ר שֶׁ֣מֶן כָּתִ֑ית כֹּֽה־יִת��ֵ֧ן שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה לְחִירָ֖ם שָׁנָ֥ה בְשָׁנָֽה׃ {פ}

English:

and Solomon delivered to Hiram 20,000 kors of wheat as provisions for his household and 20 korse20 kors Septuagint reads, “20,000 baths.” of beaten oil. Such was Solomon’s annual payment to Hiram.

פסוק כ״ו · Verse 26

Hebrew:

וַֽיהֹוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן חׇכְמָה֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־ל֑וֹ וַיְהִ֣י שָׁלֹ֗ם בֵּ֤ין חִירָם֙ וּבֵ֣ין שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיִּכְרְת֥וּ בְרִ֖ית שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃

English:

GOD had given Solomon wisdom, just as promised. There was friendship between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.

פסוק כ״ז · Verse 27

Hebrew:

וַיַּ֨עַל הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה מַ֖ס מִכׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י הַמַּ֔ס שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃

English:

King Solomon imposed forced labor on all Israel; the levy came to 30,000 men.

פסוק כ״ח · Verse 28

Hebrew:

וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם לְבָנ֗וֹנָה עֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֤ים בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ חֲלִיפ֔וֹת חֹ֚דֶשׁ יִהְי֣וּ בַלְּבָנ֔וֹן שְׁנַ֥יִם חֳדָשִׁ֖ים בְּבֵית֑וֹ וַאֲדֹנִירָ֖ם עַל־הַמַּֽס׃ {ס}        

English:

He sent them to the Lebanon in shifts of 10,000 a month: they would spend one month in the Lebanon and two months at home. Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor.

פסוק כ״ט · Verse 29

Hebrew:

וַיְהִ֧י לִשְׁלֹמֹ֛ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף נֹשֵׂ֣א סַבָּ֑ל וּשְׁמֹנִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף חֹצֵ֥ב בָּהָֽר׃

English:

Solomon also had 70,000 porters and 80,000 quarriers in the hills,

פסוק ל׳ · Verse 30

Hebrew:

לְ֠בַ֠ד מִשָּׂרֵ֨י הַנִּצָּבִ֤ים לִשְׁלֹמֹה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וּשְׁ��ֹ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת הָרֹדִ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם הָעֹשִׂ֖ים בַּמְּלָאכָֽה׃ {ס}        

English:

apart from Solomon’s 3,300 officials who were in charge of the work and supervised the gangs doing the work.

פסוק ל״א · Verse 31

Hebrew:

וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ וַיַּסִּ֩עוּ֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֜וֹת אֲבָנִ֧ים יְקָר֛וֹת לְיַסֵּ֥ד הַבָּ֖יִת אַבְנֵ֥י גָזִֽית׃

English:

The king ordered huge blocks of choice stone to be quarried, so that the foundations of the house might be laid with hewn stones.

פסוק ל״ב · Verse 32

Hebrew:

וַֽיִּפְסְל֞וּ בֹּנֵ֧י שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה וּבֹנֵ֥י חִיר֖וֹם וְהַגִּבְלִ֑ים וַיָּכִ֛ינוּ הָעֵצִ֥ים וְהָאֲבָנִ֖ים לִבְנ֥וֹת הַבָּֽיִת׃ {פ}

English:

Solomon’s masons, Hiram’s masons, and those from Gebal shaped them. Thus the timber and the stones for building the house were made ready.

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