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פרשת צו — ששי (Aliyah 6)

Parashat Tzav | Leviticus 8:22–8:29 | Aliyah 6 of 7


קלאוד על הפרשה

The sixth aliyah of Parashat Tzav presents the climactic ritual of the ordination ceremony: the offering of the eil hamiluim, the ram of ordination (Leviticus 8:22-29). Having already offered the sin offering and the burnt offering in the preceding passages, Moses now brings forward the second ram, which Rashi explains is essentially a shelamim, a peace offering, noting that the term miluim is synonymous with shelamim because through this sacrifice the priests are “filled” (memalim) and “completed” (mashlimim) in their priestly office. The act of semichah — Aaron and his sons laying their hands upon the ram’s head — signals the identification of the offerer with the offering, a transfer of purpose from person to animal that underlies the entire sacrificial system.

The most arresting detail in this passage is Moses’ placement of the ram’s blood on three points of Aaron’s body: the ridge (tenukh) of his right ear, the thumb of his right hand, and the big toe of his right foot. This same ritual reappears in Leviticus 14 for the purification of the metzora (one afflicted with tzaraat), suggesting a deep structural parallel between priestly consecration and spiritual restoration. The classical commentators understand these three points as representing the totality of human engagement with the divine. The ear is consecrated so that the priest will hear and heed God’s commandments; the hand so that his actions and service will be dedicated to holiness; and the foot so that his walk through life will follow the path of righteousness. Ibn Ezra, drawing on the principle that “the blood atones for the life” (Leviticus 17:11), sees the blood application as a life-for-life consecration — the vitality of the sacrifice transferred to the priest’s very being. That the right side is specified throughout underscores the association of the right with strength, blessing, and the primary hand of sacred action.

After the blood ritual, Moses separates the fat portions — the broad tail, the fat covering the entrails, the lobe of the liver, the two kidneys with their fat, and the right thigh — and combines them with three types of unleavened bread from the consecration basket: a plain matzah cake, an oil-soaked cake (which Rashi identifies as the revukhah, a scalded bread requiring an especially generous quantity of oil), and a thin wafer. Sforno observes that the inclusion of the right thigh on the altar is unique to the ordination offering; in all other shelamim, the right thigh goes to the officiating priest, but since the miluim is the sacrifice that creates the priesthood itself, there is no priest yet entitled to receive it as a portion. This detail highlights the paradox at the heart of the installation: Moses, who is not a priest, must officiate because the priesthood does not yet exist.

The wave offering (tenufah) forms the ceremonial apex of this passage. Moses places the combined fat, bread, and thigh portions onto the palms of Aaron and his sons, and they wave them together before God. Ibn Ezra offers the striking interpretation that Moses waved not merely the offerings but Aaron and his sons themselves, just as Aaron would later wave the Levites during their own consecration (Numbers 8:11). The act of tenufah — moving the offering in all directions — symbolizes the acknowledgment that God’s sovereignty extends everywhere and that the priests’ service radiates outward from the Tabernacle to encompass all of creation.

The passage closes with Moses taking the breast of the ram as his own portion, waving it as a tenufah before God. Rashi notes that during all seven days of installation, Moses served as the officiating priest, wearing a plain white garment (Avodah Zarah 34a). The breast — normally the priest’s share in a shelamim — was given to Moses as his rightful payment for performing the service. The Torah’s careful notation that this was “as the Lord had commanded Moses” (kaasher tzivah Hashem et Moshe) punctuates the entire ordination narrative, emphasizing that every detail of this unprecedented ceremony was executed according to divine instruction, leaving nothing to human improvisation. Moses’ role here is at once unique and temporary: he inaugurates a priesthood to which he himself does not belong, serving as the bridge between divine command and its enduring human institution.


Leviticus 8:22–8:29 · ויקרא ח:כב–ח:כט

פסוק ח:כב · 8:22

Hebrew:

וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֶת־הָאַ֣יִל הַשֵּׁנִ֔י אֵ֖יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים וַֽיִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃

English:

He brought forward the second ram, the ram of ordination. Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the ram’s head,

Moses brings forward the second ram, designated the eil hamiluim (ram of ordination). Aaron and his sons perform semichah, laying their hands on the ram's head to identify themselves with the sacrifice that will consecrate them into the priesthood. Rashi explains that miluim is synonymous with shelamim, as this offering 'fills' and 'completes' the priests in their office.
רש״יRashi
איל המלאים. אֵיל הַשְּׁלָמִים, שֶׁמִּלּוּאִים לְשׁוֹן שְׁלָמִים, שֶׁמְּמַלְּאִין וּמַשְׁלִימִין אֶת הַכֹּהֲנִים בִּכְהֻנָּתָם:
איל המלאים — This means the same as איל השלמים, for the word מלואים is synonymous with the word שלמים; this term is used to describe the ram because by means of it they set the priest fully (ממלאין) and completely (משלימין) in their priestly office (cf. Sifra, Tzav, Mechilta d'Miluim 1 20).
אבן עזראIbn Ezra
ויקרב את האיל השני איל המלואים ויסמכו אהרן ובניו. ובכתוב הראשון וסמך אהרן ובניו והנה אין הפרש בין וסמך אהרן ובניו ובין ויסמכו אהרן ובניו כי מדקדק גדול טעה שאמר כי טעם וסמך הוא לבדו ואחר כן בניו וסמכו כלם יחד:
AND THE OTHER RAM WAS PRESENTED, THE RAM OF CONSECRATION, AND AARON AND HIS SONS LAID (VA-YISMEKHU) THEIR HANDS. The first verse reads, and Aaron and his sons laid25Literally, and laid (va-yismokh) Aaron and his sons. (ve-samakh) (v. 14).26The question arises, Is there a difference in meaning between "and laid Aaron and his sons" and "Aaron and his sons laid." Note, contra a great grammarian who erred, there is no difference between ve-samakh27This appears to be an error. I.E. should read va-yismokh, for he is referring to verse 14. Va-samakh is the reading in Ex. 29:10; 19 where the laws of the consecration were first given. aron u-vanav (and Aaron and his sons laid) (v. 14) and va-yismekhu aron u-vanav (and Aaron and his sons laid). The grammarian said that ve-samakh indicates that Aaron alone shall lay hands, and then his sons.28Shall lay. Vesamekhu29Or va-yismekhu (and they laid). means, and they shall all lay together.

פסוק ח:כג · 8:23

Hebrew:

וַיִּשְׁחָ֓ט ׀ וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִדָּמ֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִֽית׃

English:

and it was slaughtered. Moses took some of its blood and put it on the ridge*ridge Or “lobe.” of Aaron’s right ear, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot.

After the ram is slaughtered, Moses applies its blood to three points on Aaron's right side: the ridge of his ear, his thumb, and his big toe. These three locations symbolize the consecration of the priest's hearing, his manual action, and his walking -- dedicating the totality of Aaron's person to divine service. Ibn Ezra sees this as a life-for-life atonement, where the blood of the sacrifice consecrates the priest's very being.
אבן עזראIbn Ezra
הימנית. כמו הפנימית. וטעם על תנוך בהן. בפרשה זאת תהיה והנה הדם יכפר על נפש אהרן וכן כי הדם הוא בנפש יכפר וטעמו בנפש שיש בו לכפר והנה נפש תחת נפש וקרוב מזה הטעם ותגע לרגליו:
RIGHT EAR. Ha-yemanit (right) is similar to ha-penimit (inner).30In form. Both forms are feminine ending in a yod tav rather than in a heh. The meaning of al tenukh (upon the tip) and bohen (toe) will be explained in the section This Shall Be the Law (Lev. 14:2).31See I.E. on Lev. 14:14. Note, the blood32Which was dashed about the altar (v. 21). See Weiser and Krinsky. atones for Aaron's life. Similarly for it is the blood that maketh atonement by reason of the life (Lev. 17:11). This means the life in the blood shall atone.33Reading yekhapper as in Vat. Ebr. 38. Life is thus offered for life.34The life of the sacrifice atones for the life of the celebrant. Then [Zipporah]…cast it35The bloody foreskin. at his36Moses' feet. feet (Ex. 4:25) has a similar explanation.37The blood on the foreskin atoned for Moses. See I.E. on Ex. 4:25 (Vol. 2, p. 110).

פסוק ח:כד · 8:24

Hebrew:

וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיִּתֵּ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֤ה מִן־הַדָּם֙ עַל־תְּנ֤וּךְ אׇזְנָם֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדָם֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְלָ֖ם הַיְמָנִ֑ית וַיִּזְרֹ֨ק מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הַדָּ֛ם עַל־הַֽמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃

English:

Moses then brought forward the sons of Aaron, and put some of the blood on the ridges of their right ears, and on the thumbs of their right hands, and on the big toes of their right feet; and the rest of the blood Moses dashed against every side of the altar.


פסוק ח:כה · 8:25

Hebrew:

וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־הַחֵ֣לֶב וְאֶת־הָֽאַלְיָ֗ה וְאֶֽת־כׇּל־הַחֵ֘לֶב֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַקֶּ֒רֶב֒ וְאֵת֙ יֹתֶ֣רֶת הַכָּבֵ֔ד וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת וְאֶֽת־חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן וְאֵ֖ת שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִֽין׃

English:

He took the fat—the broad tail, all the fat about the entrails, the protuberance of the liver, and the two kidneys and their fat—and the right thigh.


פסוק ח:כו · 8:26

Hebrew:

וּמִסַּ֨ל הַמַּצּ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֗ה לָ֠קַ֠ח חַלַּ֨ת מַצָּ֤ה אַחַת֙ וְֽחַלַּ֨ת לֶ֥חֶם שֶׁ֛מֶן אַחַ֖ת וְרָקִ֣יק אֶחָ֑ד וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ עַל־הַ֣חֲלָבִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִֽין׃

English:

From the basket of unleavened bread that was before יהוה, he took one cake of unleavened bread, one cake of oil bread, and one wafer, and placed them on the fat parts and on the right thigh.

From the basket of unleavened bread kept before God, Moses takes three distinct types: a plain matzah cake, an oil-soaked cake (the revukhah), and a thin wafer. He places them atop the fat portions and the right thigh. Rashi explains that the oil bread was a scalded cake requiring as much oil as the other two types combined, as clarified in Menachot 78a. Sforno notes that the right thigh being offered on the altar is unique to the ordination -- normally it goes to the priest, but here no priest yet exists to receive it.
רש״יRashi
וחלת לחם שמן. הִיא רְבוּכָה שֶׁהָיָה מַרְבֶּה בָּהּ שֶׁמֶן כְּנֶגֶד הַחַלּוֹת וְהָרְקִיקִין, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בִּמְנָחוֹת (דף פ"ט):
וחלת לחם שמן AND A CAKE OF OILED BREAD — This was a scalded cake, and it is called "oiled bread" because he used a large quantity of oil for it, equal to that which he used for the cakes and wafers together. So is it explained in Treatise Menachot 78a (also Menachot 89a).
אבן עזראIbn Ezra
חלת מצה אחת. היא ככר לחם אחת ויתכן היות ככר משקל ואיננו כמשקל הכסף והזהב: וישם על החלבים. ולא הזכיר יותרת הכבד והכליות כי היותרת היא קטנה ופירוש המלה כמו מה יתרון לאדם והכליות הם על חלביהן כי לא יתכן שיקראו הכליות חלב רק האליה היא חלב:
ONE UNLEAVENED CAKE. The reference is to the one loaf (kikkar) of bread (Ex. 29:2s).38Kikkar usually refers to leavened bread. Hence I.E. explains that Ex 29:3 is to be understood as the one loaf of unleavened bread. I.E. comments thus so that there be no contradiction between the description of the consecration service in our chapter and the one in Exodus. It is possible that the term kikkar (loaf) refers to weight.39In this case Ex. 29:23 is to be rendered, the one kikkar of (un)leavened bread. This interpretation assumes that the term loaf would not be used in reference to unleavened bread. It is not the same weight as that of a kikkar (talent) of gold or silver.40A talent of gold weighed more than a hundred pounds. AND PLACED THEM ON THE FAT. Scripture does not mention the lobe41Hebrew, yoteret. of the liver and the kidneys, for the lobe was small. The meaning of yoteret (lobe) is similar to the meaning of the word yitron (profit)42Or addition. in What profit hath man (Eccles. 1:3).43In other words, yoteret means the addition [to the liver]. The kidneys44Mentioned in verse 25. are offered with their fat,45Our verse states, and placed them on the fat. The fat takes in the fat that is upon the kidneys. The kidneys were offered along with their fat because they are attached to it. for Scripture would not refer to the kidneys as fat.46For it does not consist of fat. I,.E.'s point is that the term "fat" in our verse does not directly refer to the kidneys. Only the fat tail is fat.47Hence the term fat cannot refer to the kidneys.

פסוק ח:כז · 8:27

Hebrew:

וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶת־הַכֹּ֔ל עַ֚ל כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְעַ֖ל כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑יו וַיָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃

English:

He placed all these on the palms of Aaron and on the palms of his sons, and elevated them as an elevation offering before יהוה.

Moses places the combined fat portions, bread, and thigh onto the palms of Aaron and his sons, and they perform the tenufah (wave offering) before God. Ibn Ezra offers the remarkable interpretation that Moses waved not just the offerings but Aaron and his sons themselves, paralleling how Aaron would later wave the Levites at their own consecration (Numbers 8:11). This act of elevation symbolizes the priests' complete dedication to divine service.
אבן עזראIbn Ezra
וינף אותם. הניף אהרן ובניו כאשר יניף אהרן את הלוים:
AND WAVED THEM. Moses waved Aaron and his sons48In other words, "them" in our verse does not refer to the fat and other items mentioned in the previous verse. as Aaron waved the Levites.49When they were consecrated. See Num. 8:5-21.

פסוק ח:כח · 8:28

Hebrew:

וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֹתָם֙ מֵעַ֣ל כַּפֵּיהֶ֔ם וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חָה עַל־הָעֹלָ֑ה מִלֻּאִ֥ים הֵם֙ לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֥ה ה֖וּא לַיהֹוָֽה׃

English:

Then Moses took them from their hands and turned them into smoke on the altar with the burnt offering. This was an ordination offering for a pleasing odor; it was an offering by fire to יהוה.

Moses takes the offerings from Aaron's and his sons' hands and burns them on the altar after the burnt offering. The Torah declares these miluim -- ordination offerings -- producing a pleasing odor as a fire-offering to God. Rashi notes that Moses officiated throughout all seven days of installation wearing a white garment, and that this is the only instance in Scripture where the thigh of a shelamim is burned on the altar rather than given to a priest.
רש״יRashi
ויקטר המזבחה. מֹשֶׁה שִׁמֵּשׁ כָּל שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הַמִּלּוּאִים בְּחָלוּק לָבָן (עבודה זרה ל"ד): על העלה. אַחַר הָעוֹלָה, וְלֹא מָצִינוּ שׁוֹק שֶׁל שְׁלָמִים קָרֵב בְּכָל מָקוֹם חוּץ מִזֶּה:
ויקטר המזבחה [AND MOSES TOOK THEM FROM OFF THEIR HANDS] AND CAUSED THEM TO ASCEND IN FUMES AT THE ALTAR — Moses (though a non-priest) was officiating during the seven days of installation [in a white garment] (Avodah Zarah 34a). על העלה [AND MOSES … CAUSED THEM TO ASCEND IN FUMES] על העלה — after the burnt offering (על is taken in the sense of besides, in addition to the burnt offering. Hence he burnt it after the burnt offering). We do not find in any passage, that the shoulder of peace-offerings was burnt except in the case of this alone (cf. Rashi on Exodus 29:22).
אור החייםOr HaChaim
על העולה. שלא היה דבר מפסיק. ואולי שלא שהה עד שאכלה האש את העולה אלא ועדיין העולה קיימת:
על העולה, upon the burnt-offering. These words mean that nothing else intervened. Perhaps the meaning is that Moses did not wait with accepting the meal-offering from the hands of the priests until the burning up of the burnt-offering had been completed.

פסוק ח:כט · 8:29

Hebrew:

וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הֶ֣חָזֶ֔ה וַיְנִיפֵ֥הוּ תְנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה מֵאֵ֣יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֗ים לְמֹשֶׁ֤ה הָיָה֙ לְמָנָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃

English:

Moses took the breast and elevated it as an elevation offering before יהוה; it was Moses’ portion of the ram of ordination—as יהוה had commanded Moses.


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