I Samuel 20

שמואל א׳ פרק כ׳

Section: נביאים · נביאים ראשונים | Book: I Samuel | Chapter: 20 of 31 | Day: 65 of 742

Date: April 17, 2026

קלאוד על הנ״ך

I Samuel 20 is the dramatic culmination of the David-Jonathan narrative, a chapter that stands as one of the most emotionally powerful passages in all of biblical literature. What begins as a desperate strategic consultation between two friends ends as a permanent farewell, sealed by covenant and drenched in tears. The chapter unfolds in three carefully constructed acts — the planning (verses 1-23), the feast (verses 24-34), and the parting (verses 35-42) — each escalating the tension between personal loyalty and political reality. David opens with a raw plea to Jonathan: “What have I done, what is my crime and my guilt against your father, that he seeks my life?” (מה עשיתי מה עוני ומה חטאתי). Jonathan’s initial response reveals his own denial — he insists his father tells him everything, that this cannot be true. David must swear an oath to convince him otherwise, confiding that Saul has deliberately hidden his murderous intent precisely because he knows of Jonathan’s love for David.

The plan they devise — David’s absence from the new moon feast (ראש חודש) as a test of Saul’s disposition — is brilliant in its simplicity. David will hide in the field while Jonathan gauges Saul’s reaction to his empty seat. The cover story about a family sacrifice in Bethlehem is plausible enough; the new moon feast was a significant occasion at which the king’s retainers were expected to be present, and absence required explanation. Rashi notes that Saul’s initial assumption on the first day — that David must be ritually impure (טמא) — reflects the genuine piety of the royal court, where one could not partake of sacrificial food in a state of impurity. It is only on the second day, when David is still absent, that Saul’s suspicions boil over. The exchange between Saul and Jonathan at the feast table is among the most brutal father-son confrontations in Tanakh. Saul’s epithet — “son of a perverse, rebellious woman” (בן נעות המרדות) — is not merely an insult but an attack on Jonathan’s very identity and lineage. Radak explains that Saul is accusing Jonathan of having chosen David over his own family, to the shame of his mother who bore him to be king. When Saul declares that Jonathan’s kingship will never be secure so long as David lives, he lays bare the political calculus that has consumed him: this is not madness but cold dynastic logic.

The moment Saul hurls his spear at his own son (verse 33) mirrors the earlier episodes where he cast it at David (18:11, 19:10), and it marks a devastating threshold. Jonathan now knows with certainty what David has been telling him — his father is resolved to kill. Metzudat David observes that Jonathan rose from the table “in fierce anger” (בחרי אף), grieved not only for David’s peril but for the humiliation his father had inflicted upon him publicly. That he ate nothing on the second day of the feast underscores the depth of his anguish; this is a man torn between filial duty and covenantal loyalty, and the text makes clear which prevails.

The arrow signal in the field (verses 35-40) is an elaborate precaution — evidence that both men understood the danger of being seen together. The arrows shot “beyond” the boy confirm the worst. Yet when the boy is dismissed and the two are finally alone, all pretense of coded communication falls away. David prostrates himself three times, they kiss, and they weep together — “David wept the longer” (ודוד הגדיל), a phrase the Talmud (Moed Katan 9b) interprets as reflecting David’s greater loss, for he was leaving behind everything: home, position, and his dearest friend. Jonathan’s final words — “Go in peace” (לך לשלום) — carry the weight of a benediction and a farewell. The covenant they invoke, binding their descendants forever, will echo forward to David’s later kindness to Mephiboshet (II Samuel 9), fulfilling this very oath.

This chapter asks its reader to sit with an impossible tension: Jonathan, the crown prince, actively enables the rise of the man who will supplant his dynasty, and does so not out of weakness but out of a love the text calls equal to self-love (verse 17; cf. 18:1). The rabbis saw in this friendship a paradigm of love that is not dependent on any external cause (אהבה שאינה תלויה בדבר, Avot 5:16), and therefore a love that endures. I Samuel 20 is the last time David and Jonathan meet in peace — their brief encounter at Horesh (23:16-18) is a coda, but this chapter is the true farewell. It is a chapter about what it costs to do the right thing when the right thing means losing everything you hold dear.

פרק כ׳ · Chapter 20

פסוק א׳ · Verse 1

Hebrew:

וַיִּבְרַ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד (מנוות) [מִנָּי֖וֹת] בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֞א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן מֶ֤ה עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ מֶֽה־עֲוֺנִ֤י וּמֶֽה־חַטָּאתִי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ כִּ֥י מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִֽׁי׃

English:

David fled from Naioth in Ramah; he came to Jonathan and said, “What have I done, what is my crime and my guilt against your father, that he seeks my life?”

פסוק ב׳ · Verse 2

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֣וֹ חָלִ֘ילָה֮ לֹ֣א תָמוּת֒ הִנֵּ֡ה (לו עשה) [לֹֽא־יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה] אָבִ֜י דָּבָ֣ר גָּד֗וֹל א֚וֹ דָּבָ֣ר קָטֹ֔ן וְלֹ֥א יִגְלֶ֖ה אֶת־אׇזְנִ֑י וּמַדּ֩וּעַ֩ יַסְתִּ֨יר אָבִ֥י מִמֶּ֛נִּי אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה אֵ֥ין זֹֽאת׃

English:

He replied, “Heaven forbid! You shall not die. My father does not do anything, great or small, without disclosing it to me; why should my father conceal this matter from me? It cannot be!”

פסוק ג׳ · Verse 3

Hebrew:

וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע ע֜וֹד דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדֹ֨עַ יָדַ֜ע אָבִ֗יךָ כִּֽי־מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אַל־יֵֽדַע־זֹ֥את יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן פֶּן־יֵעָצֵ֑ב וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהֹוָה֙ וְחֵ֣י נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ כִּ֣י כְפֶ֔שַׂע בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין הַמָּֽוֶת׃

English:

David swore further,aswore further Septuagint reads “replied to him.” “Your father knows well that you are fond of me and has decided: Jonathan must not learn of this or he will be grieved. But, as GOD lives and as you live, there is only a step between me and death.”

פסוק ד׳ · Verse 4

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד מַה־תֹּאמַ֥ר נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְאֶעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ {פ}

English:

Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you want, I will do it for you.”

פסוק ה׳ · Verse 5

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן הִֽנֵּה־חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ מָחָ֔ר וְאָנֹכִ֛י יָשֹׁב־אֵשֵׁ֥ב עִם־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֶאֱכ֑וֹל וְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ וְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י בַשָּׂדֶ֔ה עַ֖ד הָעֶ֥רֶב הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃

English:

David said to Jonathan, “Tomorrow is the new moon, and I am to sit with the king at the meal. Instead, letbam to sit … meal. Instead, let Septuagint reads “will not sit…meal. Let…” me go and I will hide in the countryside until the thirdcthird Septuagint lacks “third.” evening.

פסוק ו׳ · Verse 6

Hebrew:

אִם־פָּקֹ֥ד יִפְקְדֵ֖נִי אָבִ֑יךָ וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ נִשְׁאֹל֩ נִשְׁאַ֨ל מִמֶּ֤נִּי דָוִד֙ לָרוּץ֙ בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם עִיר֔וֹ כִּ֣י זֶ֧בַח הַיָּמִ֛ים שָׁ֖ם לְכׇל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָֽה׃

English:

If your father notes my absence, you say, ‘David asked my permission to run down to his home town, Bethlehem, for the whole family has its annual sacrifice there.’

פסוק ז׳ · Verse 7

Hebrew:

אִם־כֹּ֥ה יֹאמַ֛ר ט֖וֹב שָׁל֣וֹם לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְאִם־חָרֹ֤ה יֶחֱרֶה֙ ל֔וֹ דַּ֕ע כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה מֵעִ��ּֽוֹ׃

English:

If he says ‘Good,’ your servant is safe; but if his anger flares up, know that he is resolved to do [me] harm.

פסוק ח׳ · Verse 8

Hebrew:

וְעָשִׂ֤יתָֽ חֶ֙סֶד֙ עַל־עַבְדֶּ֔ךָ כִּ֚י בִּבְרִ֣ית יְהֹוָ֔ה הֵבֵ֥אתָ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֖ עִמָּ֑ךְ וְאִם־יֶשׁ־בִּ֤י עָוֺן֙ הֲמִיתֵ֣נִי אַ֔תָּה וְעַד־אָבִ֖יךָ לָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה תְבִיאֵֽנִי׃ {פ}

English:

Deal faithfully with your servant, since you have taken your servant into a covenant of GOD with you. And if I am guilty, kill me yourself, but don’t make me go back to your father.”

פסוק ט׳ · Verse 9

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ אִם־יָדֹ֣עַ אֵדַ֗ע כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֨ה הָרָעָ֜ה מֵעִ֤ם אָבִי֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ אַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ {ס}        

English:

Jonathan replied, “Don’t talk like that! If I learn that my father has resolved to kill you, I will surely tell you about it.”

פסוק י״ · Verse 10

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן מִ֖י יַגִּ֣יד לִ֑י א֛וֹ מַה־יַּעַנְךָ֥ אָבִ֖יךָ קָשָֽׁה׃ {ס}        

English:

David said to Jonathan, “Who will tell me ifdif Meaning of Heb. uncertain. your father answers you harshly?”

פסוק י״א · Verse 11

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָן֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד לְכָ֖ה וְנֵצֵ֣א הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיֵּצְא֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ {ס}        

English:

Jonathan said to David, “Let us go into the open”; and they both went out into the open.

פסוק י״ב · Verse 12

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד יְהֹוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־אֶחְקֹ֣ר אֶת־אָבִ֗י כָּעֵ֤ת ׀ מָחָר֙ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹא־אָז֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֖יתִי אֶת־אׇזְנֶֽךָ׃

English:

eThe meaning of several parts of vv. 12–16 is uncertain. Then Jonathan said to David, “By the ETERNAL, the God of Israel! I will sound out my father at this time tomorrow, [or] on the third day; and if [his response] is favorable for David, I will send a message to you at once and disclose it to you.

פסוק י״ג · Verse 13

Hebrew:

כֹּה־יַע��שֶׂה֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה לִיהוֹנָתָ֜ן וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֗יף כִּֽי־יֵיטִ֨ב אֶל־אָבִ֤י אֶת־הָרָעָה֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־אׇזְנֶ֔ךָ וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֖יךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ֣ לְשָׁל֑וֹם וִיהִ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־אָבִֽי׃

English:

But if my father intends to do you harm, may GOD do thus to Jonathan and more if I do [not] disclose it to you and send you off to escape unharmed. May GOD be with you—as [God] was formerly with my father.

פסוק י״ד · Verse 14

Hebrew:

וְלֹ֖א אִם־עוֹדֶ֣נִּי חָ֑י וְלֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֧ה עִמָּדִ֛י חֶ֥סֶד יְהֹוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א אָמֽוּת׃

English:

Nor shall you fail to show me GOD’s faithfulness,fGOD’s faithfulness I.e., the faithfulness pledged in the covenant before GOD. while I am alive; nor, when I am dead,

פסוק ט״ו · Verse 15

Hebrew:

וְלֹֽא־תַכְרִ֧ית אֶֽת־חַסְדְּךָ֛ מֵעִ֥ם בֵּיתִ֖י עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְלֹ֗א בְּהַכְרִ֤ת יְהֹוָה֙ אֶת־אֹיְבֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אִ֕ישׁ מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃

English:

shall you ever discontinue your faithfulness to my house—not even after GOD has wiped out every one of David’s enemies from the face of the earth.

פסוק ט״ז · Verse 16

Hebrew:

וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן עִם־בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֑ד וּבִקֵּ֣שׁ יְהֹוָ֔ה מִיַּ֖ד אֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃

English:

Thus has Jonathan covenanted with the house of David; and may GOD requite the enemies of David!”

פסוק י״ז · Verse 17

Hebrew:

וַיּ֤וֹסֶף יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ לְהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּאַהֲבָת֖וֹ אֹת֑וֹ כִּֽי־אַהֲבַ֥ת נַפְשׁ֖וֹ אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ {ס}        

English:

Jonathan, out of his love for David, adjuredgadjured Septuagint reads “swore to.” him again, for he loved him as himself.

פסוק י״ח · Verse 18

Hebrew:

וַיֹּאמֶר־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹנ��תָ֖ן מָחָ֣ר חֹ֑דֶשׁ וְנִפְקַ֕דְתָּ כִּ֥י יִפָּקֵ֖ד מוֹשָׁבֶֽךָ׃

English:

Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow will be the new moon; and you will be missed when your seat remains vacant.hvacant At the festal meal.

פסוק י״ט · Verse 19

Hebrew:

וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֙ תֵּרֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וּבָאתָ֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־נִסְתַּ֥רְתָּ שָּׁ֖ם בְּי֣וֹם הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה וְיָ֣שַׁבְתָּ֔ אֵ֖צֶל הָאֶ֥בֶן הָאָֽזֶל׃

English:

So the day after tomorrow, go down all the wayiall the way Lit. “very much.” to the place where you hid the other time,jthe other time Lit. “on the day of the incident”; see 19.2ff. and stay close to the Ezel stone.

פסוק כ׳ · Verse 20

Hebrew:

וַאֲנִ֕י שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הַחִצִּ֖ים צִדָּ֣הֿ אוֹרֶ֑ה לְשַֽׁלַּֽח־לִ֖י לְמַטָּרָֽה׃

English:

Now I will shoot three arrows to one side of it, as though I were shooting at a mark,

פסוק כ״א · Verse 21

Hebrew:

וְהִנֵּה֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֶת־הַנַּ֔עַר לֵ֖ךְ מְצָ֣א אֶת־הַחִצִּ֑ים אִם־אָמֹר֩ אֹמַ֨ר לַנַּ֜עַר הִנֵּ֥ה הַחִצִּ֣ים ׀ מִמְּךָ֣ וָהֵ֗נָּה קָחֶ֧נּוּ ׀ וָבֹ֛אָה כִּי־שָׁל֥וֹם לְךָ֛ וְאֵ֥ין דָּבָ֖ר חַי־יְהֹוָֽה׃

English:

and I will order the boy to go and find the arrows. If I call to the boy, ‘Hey! the arrows are on this side of you,’ be reassuredkreassured Lit. “accept it.” and come, for you are safe and there is no danger—as GOD lives!

פסוק כ״ב · Verse 22

Hebrew:

וְאִם־כֹּ֤ה אֹמַר֙ לָעֶ֔לֶם הִנֵּ֥ה הַחִצִּ֖ים מִמְּךָ֣ וָהָ֑לְאָה לֵ֕ךְ כִּ֥י שִֽׁלַּחֲךָ֖ יְהֹוָֽה׃

English:

But if, instead, I call to the lad, ‘Hey! the arrows are beyond you,’ then leave, for GOD has sent you away.

פסוק כ״ג · Verse 23

Hebrew:

וְהַ֨דָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְנוּ אֲנִ֣י וָאָ֑תָּה הִנֵּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָ��ם׃ {ס}        

English:

As for the promise we made to each other,lAs for the promise we made to each other See above, vv. 12–17. may GOD be [witness] between you and me forever.”

פסוק כ״ד · Verse 24

Hebrew:

וַיִּסָּתֵ֥ר דָּוִ֖ד בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיְהִ֣י הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ (על) [אֶל־]הַלֶּ֖חֶם לֶאֱכֽוֹל׃

English:

David hid in the field. The new moon came, and the king sat down to partake of the meal.

פסוק כ״ה · Verse 25

Hebrew:

וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב הַ֠מֶּ֠לֶךְ עַל־מ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹ כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם אֶל־מוֹשַׁב֙ הַקִּ֔יר וַיָּ֙קׇם֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְנֵ֖ר מִצַּ֣ד שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד מְק֥וֹם דָּוִֽד׃

English:

When the king took his usual place on the seat by the wall, Jonathan rosemrose Force of Heb. uncertain; Septuagint “faced him.” and Abner sat down at Saul’s side; but David’s place remained vacant.

פסוק כ״ו · Verse 26

Hebrew:

וְלֹא־דִבֶּ֥ר שָׁא֛וּל מְא֖וּמָה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ מִקְרֶ֣ה ה֔וּא בִּלְתִּ֥י טָה֛וֹר ה֖וּא כִּי־לֹ֥א טָהֽוֹר׃ {ס}        

English:

That day, however, Saul said nothing. “It’s accidental,” he thought. “He must be impure and not yet purified.”nHe must be impure and not yet purified Heb. construction unclear.

פסוק כ״ז · Verse 27

Hebrew:

וַיְהִ֗י מִֽמׇּחֳרַ֤ת הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד מְק֣וֹם דָּוִ֑ד {פ}וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֔וֹ מַדּ֜וּעַ ��ֹא־בָ֧א בֶן־יִשַׁ֛י גַּם־תְּמ֥וֹל גַּם־הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־הַלָּֽחֶם׃

English:

But on the day after the new moon, the second day, David’s place was vacant again. So Saul said to his son Jonathan, “Why didn’t the son of Jesseothe son of Jesse See note at 10.11. come to the meal yesterday or today?”

פסוק כ״ח · Verse 28

Hebrew:

וַיַּ֥עַן יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן אֶת־שָׁא֑וּל נִשְׁאֹ֨ל נִשְׁאַ֥ל דָּוִ֛ד מֵעִמָּדִ֖י עַד־בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃

English:

Jonathan answered Saul, “David begged leave of me to go to Bethlehem.

פסוק כ״ט · Verse 29

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֡אמֶר שַׁלְּחֵ֣נִי נָ֡א כִּ֣י זֶ֩בַח֩ מִשְׁפָּחָ֨ה לָ֜נוּ בָּעִ֗יר וְה֤וּא צִוָּה־לִי֙ אָחִ֔י וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ אִמָּ֥לְטָה נָּ֖א וְאֶרְאֶ֣ה אֶת־אֶחָ֑י עַל־כֵּ֣ן לֹא־בָ֔א אֶל־שֻׁלְחַ֖ן הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ {ס}        

English:

He said, ‘Please let me go, for we are going to have a family feast in our town and my brother has summoned me to it. Do me a favor, let me slip away to see my kin.’ That is why he has not come to the king’s table.”

פסוק ל׳ · Verse 30

Hebrew:

וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף שָׁאוּל֙ בִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ בֶּֽן־נַעֲוַ֖ת הַמַּרְדּ֑וּת הֲל֣וֹא יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־בֹחֵ֤ר אַתָּה֙ לְבֶן־יִשַׁ֔י לְבׇ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ וּלְבֹ֖שֶׁת עֶרְוַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃

English:

Saul flew into a rage against Jonathan. “You son of a perverse, rebellious woman!” he shouted. “I know that you side with the son of Jesse—to your shame, and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness!

פסוק ל״א · Verse 31

Hebrew:

כִּ֣י כׇל־הַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ חַ֣י עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִכּ֖וֹן אַתָּ֣ה וּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח וְקַ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אֵלַ֔י כִּ֥י בֶן־מָ֖וֶת הֽוּא׃ {ס}        

English:

For as long as the son of Jesse lives on earth, neither you nor your kingship will be secure. Now then, have him brought to me, for he is marked for death.”

פסוק ל״ב · Verse 32

Hebrew:

וַיַּ֙עַן֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלָ֛יו לָ֥מָּה יוּמַ֖ת מֶ֥ה עָשָֽׂה׃

English:

But Jonathan spoke up and said to his father,phis father Heb. “his father Saul.” “Why should he be put to death? What has he done?”

פסוק ל״ג · Verse 33

Hebrew:

וַיָּ֨טֶל שָׁא֧וּל אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֛ית עָלָ֖יו לְהַכֹּת֑וֹ וַיֵּ֙דַע֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן כִּי־כָ֥לָה הִ֛יא מֵעִ֥ם אָבִ֖יו לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִֽד׃ {ס}        

English:

At that, Saul threwpthrew See 18.11 and note. his spear at him to strike him down; and Jonathan realized that his father was determined to do away with David.

פסוק ל״ד · Verse 34

Hebrew:

וַיָּ֧קׇם יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן מֵעִ֥ם הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן בׇּחֳרִי־אָ֑ף וְלֹֽא־אָכַ֞ל בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּ֤י נֶעְצַב֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֥י הִכְלִמ֖וֹ אָבִֽיו׃ {ס}        

English:

Jonathan rose from the table in a rage. He ate no food on the second day of the new moon, because he was grieved about David, and because his father had humiliated him.

פסוק ל״ה · Verse 35

Hebrew:

וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיֵּצֵ֧א יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְמוֹעֵ֣ד דָּוִ֑ד וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן עִמּֽוֹ׃

English:

In the morning, Jonathan went out into the open for the meeting with David, accompanied by a young boy.qyoung boy Or “attendant.”

פסוק ל״ו · Verse 36

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְנַֽעֲר֔וֹ רֻ֗ץ מְצָ֥א נָא֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִצִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מוֹרֶ֑ה הַנַּ֣עַר רָ֔ץ וְהוּא־יָרָ֥ה הַחֵ֖צִי לְהַעֲבִרֽוֹ׃

English:

He said to the boy, “Run ahead and find the arrows that I shoot.” And as the boy ran, he shot the arrows past him.

פסוק ל״ז · Verse 37

Hebrew:

וַיָּבֹ֤א הַנַּ֙עַר֙ עַד־מְק֣וֹם הַחֵ֔צִי אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָ֖ה יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אַחֲרֵ֤י הַנַּ֙עַר֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר הֲל֥וֹא הַחֵ֖צִי מִמְּךָ֥ וָהָֽלְאָה׃

English:

When the boy came to the place where the arrows shot by Jonathan had fallen, Jonathan called out to the boy, “Hey, the arrows are beyond you!”

פסוק ל״ח · Verse 38

Hebrew:

וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר מְהֵרָ֥ה ח֖וּשָׁה אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑ד וַיְלַקֵּ֞ט נַ֤עַר יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־[הַ֣חִצִּ֔ים] (החצי) וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אֲדֹנָֽיו׃

English:

And Jonathan called after the boy, “Quick, hurry up. Don’t stop!” So Jonathan’s boy gathered the arrows and came back to his master.—

פסוק ל״ט · Verse 39

Hebrew:

וְהַנַּ֖עַר לֹא־יָדַ֣ע מְא֑וּמָה אַ֤ךְ יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ וְדָוִ֔ד יָדְע֖וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָֽר׃ {ס}        

English:

The boy suspected nothing; only Jonathan and David knew the arrangement.—

פסוק מ׳ · Verse 40

Hebrew:

וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־כֵּלָ֔יו אֶל־הַנַּ֖עַר אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לֵ֖ךְ הָבֵ֥יא הָעִֽיר׃

English:

Jonathan handed the gear to his boy and told him, “Take these back to the town.”

פסוק מ״א · Verse 41

Hebrew:

הַנַּ֘עַר֮ בָּא֒ וְדָוִ֗ד קָ֚ם מֵאֵ֣צֶל הַנֶּ֔גֶב וַיִּפֹּ֨ל לְאַפָּ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ פְּעָמִ֑ים וַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַד־דָּוִ֖ד הִגְדִּֽיל׃

English:

When the boy got there, David emerged from his concealment atremerged from his concealment at Lit. “rose up from beside.” the Negeb.sthe Negeb Identical with the “Ezel Stone,” v. 19. He flung himself face down on the ground and bowed low three times. They kissed each other and wept together; David wept the longer.

פסוק מ״ב · Verse 42

Hebrew:

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן לְדָוִ֖ד לֵ֣ךְ לְשָׁל֑וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּ שְׁנֵ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ בְּשֵׁ֤ם יְהֹוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהֹוָ֞ה יִהְיֶ֣ה ׀ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעִ֛י וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ {פ}

English:

Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace! For we two have sworn to each other in the name of GOD: ‘May GOD be [witness] between you and me, and between your offspring and mine, forever!’”

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