I Samuel 13
ש×××× ×׳ ׀ךק ×׎×
Section: × ××××× Â· × ××××× ×š×ש×× ×× | Book: I Samuel | Chapter: 13 of 31 | Day: 58 of 742
Date: April 10, 2026
×§×××× ×¢× ×× ×Ž×
Chapter 13 marks the decisive turning point in Saulâs reign, the moment when the promise of dynastic continuity is revoked before it ever takes root. The chapter opens with a textual crux â the corrupted verse stating Saulâs age at accession (×× ×©× × ×©××× ×××××), which Rashi explains as indicating that Saul was as innocent as a one-year-old child when he began to rule, free of sin. This interpretive move transforms a scribal difficulty into a poignant theological statement: Saul begins his kingship in a state of purity, making his subsequent failure all the more tragic. Jonathanâs bold strike against the Philistine garrison at Geba (× ×Š×× ×€×שת××) ignites the conflict, and the narrative immediately establishes a contrast between the sonâs decisive military courage and the fatherâs growing paralysis under pressure.
The Philistine response is overwhelming. Their mobilization â chariots, cavalry, and infantry âas numerous as the sands of the seashoreâ (×××× ×שך ×¢× ×©×€×ª ×××) â encamped at Michmas, sends the Israelite populace into hiding. The text paints a vivid picture of a people cowering in caves, thorns, rocks, tunnels, and cisterns, with some fleeing across the Jordan entirely. Saul, stationed at Gilgal with a rapidly dwindling force, faces the defining test of his kingship. Samuel had instructed him at his anointing to wait seven days at Gilgal (see 10:8), and Saul does wait â but when the seventh day arrives and Samuel has not appeared, and the troops are scattering before his eyes, Saul takes it upon himself to offer the burnt offering (×××¢× ××¢××). Radak notes that Saulâs error was not merely a ritual violation but a fundamental failure of faith: he could not endure the uncertainty of waiting, could not trust that Godâs prophet would arrive in time. Metzudat David emphasizes that Saulâs excuse â âI forced myselfâ (××ת××€×§) â reveals a man who knew what he was doing was wrong yet convinced himself that circumstances justified the transgression.
Samuelâs arrival, coming just as the offering is completed, has the dramatic precision of prophetic narrative. His rebuke is devastating in its finality: âYou acted foolishlyâ (× ×¡××ת). Had Saul obeyed, Samuel declares, God would have established his dynasty over Israel forever (×××× ×׳ ×ת ×××××ª× ×¢× ×¢×××). Instead, âGod will seek out a man after His own heartâ (×קש ×׳ ×× ××ש ×××××) â a phrase that resonates forward to Davidâs selection and backward to the entire theology of kingship in Israel. The contrast is not between a competent king and an incompetent one, but between a king who trusts his own judgment under pressure and one who subordinates his will to divine command. Rashi explains that âafter His own heartâ means one who will act according to Godâs will, not one who will reason his way into disobedience.
The chapterâs closing verses shift from theological crisis to military reality, and the picture is grim. Saulâs army has shrunk to a mere 600 men. Philistine raiding parties fan out in three columns, ravaging the countryside with impunity. Most strikingly, the narrator reveals the Philistine iron monopoly: no smith could be found in all the land of Israel (××ךש ×× ×××Š× ××× ×ךץ ×שך××), because the Philistines had deliberately prevented the Hebrews from forging weapons. The Israelites must go down to their oppressors even to sharpen agricultural tools. On the day of battle, only Saul and Jonathan possess sword and spear. This detail is not merely military intelligence â it is a theological statement about the depth of Israelâs subjugation and the impossibility of deliverance by human means alone. The chapter thus sets the stage for Jonathanâs extraordinary faith in chapter 14, where he will declare that ânothing prevents God from saving by many or by fewâ â a faith his father could not sustain at Gilgal.
The interplay between Saulâs failed test and the iron monopoly that leaves Israel defenseless creates a powerful double portrait of vulnerability. Saul is spiritually disarmed by his inability to wait, just as Israel is physically disarmed by Philistine domination. The kingdom that began with such promise in chapters 9-11 â the tall, handsome young man seized by the spirit of God, the liberator of Jabesh-gilead â now stands exposed as tragically fragile. Chapter 13 does not yet narrate Saulâs total rejection (that comes in chapter 15), but it initiates the irreversible process by which the first king of Israel becomes a cautionary tale about the insufficiency of human kingship without complete obedience to the prophetic word.
׀ךק ××Ž× Â· Chapter 13
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 1
Hebrew:
×֌ֶ×֟ש×Öž× ÖžÖ× ×©×Öž×Ö£×ÖŒ× ×֌ְ×××Ö°×Ö×Ö¹ ×֌ש×Ö°×ªÖŒÖµÖ£× ×©×Öž× ÖŽÖ×× ×Öž×Ö·Ö×Ö° ×¢Ö·×ÖŸ×֎ש×ְך֞×ÖµÖœ××
English:
Saul was âŠa⊠The number is lacking in the Heb. text; also, the precise context of the âtwo yearsâ is uncertain. The verse is lacking in the Septuagint. years old when he became king, and he reigned over Israel two years.
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 2
Hebrew:
×Ö·×֌֎×Ö°×ַך֟×Öš×Ö¹ ש×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×©×Ö°×ֹ֣ש×ֶת ×Ö²×Öž×€ÖŽ××Ö® ×ÖŽ×֌֎ש×ְך֞×Öµ×Ö ×Ö·×֌֎×Ö°×Öš×ÖŒ ×¢ÖŽ×֟ש×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×Ö·×ְ׀֌ַÖ×ÖŽ× ×֌ְ×ÖŽ×Ö°×֞ש×Ö ×ÖŒ×Ö°×ַ֣ך ×֌ֵ֜×ת֟×ÖµÖ× ×Ö°×Ö¶Ö×Ö¶×£ ×Öž××ÖŒÖ ×¢ÖŽ×ÖŸ×Ö£×Ö¹× Öž×ªÖžÖ× ×֌ְ×ÖŽ×Ö°×¢Ö·Öת ×ÖŒÖŽ× Ö°×Öž×ÖŽÖ×× ×Ö°×ֶ֣תֶך ×Öž×¢ÖžÖ× ×©×ÖŽ×֌ַÖ× ×ÖŽÖ¥××©× ×Ö°×Ö¹×Öž×ÖžÖœ×××
English:
Saul picked 3,000 Israelites, of whom 2,000 were with Saul in MichmasbMichmas So in oldest mss.; other mss. and editions read âMichmashâ throughout the chapter. and in the hill country of Bethel, and 1,000 with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin; the rest of the troops he sent back to their homes.
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 3
Hebrew:
×Ö·×֌ַ֣×Ö° ××Ö¹× Öž×ªÖžÖ× ×ֵ֣ת × Ö°×ŠÖŽÖ€×× ×€ÖŒÖ°×֎ש×ְת֌֎××Ö ×ֲש×ֶ֣ך ×֌ְ×Ö¶Ö×Ö·×¢ ×Ö·Öœ×֌֎ש×Ö°×Ö°×¢Ö×ÖŒ ׀֌ְ×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× ×ְש×Öž××ÖŒ×Ö© ת֌֞קַ֚ע ×֌ַש×ÖŒ×ֹ׀֞րך ×֌ְ×××ÖŸ×Öž×ÖžÖ×šÖ¶×¥Ö ×Öµ××Ö¹Öך ×֎ש×Ö°×Ö°×¢Ö×ÖŒ ×Öž×¢ÖŽ×ְך֎֜×××
English:
Jonathan struck down the Philistine prefect in Geba;cGeba Apparently identical with Gibeah in v. 2. and the Philistines heard about it. Saul had the ramâs horn sounded throughout the land, saying, âLet the Hebrews hear.âdSaul had the ramâs horn sounded ⊠âLet the Hebrews hear.â Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 4
Hebrew:
×Ö°×××ÖŸ×֎ש×ְך֞×ÖµÖ× ×©×Öž×Ö°×¢Ö£×ÖŒ ×Öµ××Ö¹Öך ×ÖŽ×ÖŒÖžÖ€× ×©×Öž××ÖŒ×Ö ×Ö¶×ªÖŸ× Ö°×ŠÖŽÖ£×× ×€ÖŒÖ°×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× ×Ö°×Ö·×ÖŸ× ÖŽ×Ö°×Ö·Ö¥×©× ×֎ש×ְך֞×ÖµÖ× ×֌ַ׀֌ְ×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× ×Ö·×֌֎׊֌֞עֲק֥×ÖŒ ×Öž×¢ÖžÖ× ×Ö·×Ö²×šÖµÖ¥× ×©×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×Ö·×֌֎×Ö°×֌֞֜××
English:
When all Israel heard that Saul had struck down the Philistine prefect, and that Israel had incurred the wrath ofeincurred the wrath of Lit. âbecame malodorous to.â the Philistines, all the people rallied to Saul at Gilgal.
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 5
Hebrew:
×֌׀ְ×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× × Ö¶×ֶסְ׀֣×ÖŒâ× ×Ö°×ÖŽ×֌֞×ÖµÖ£× ×¢ÖŽ×ÖŸ×֎ש×ְך֞×ÖµÖ× ×©×Ö°×ֹש×ÖŽÖš×× ×Ö¶Ö€×Ö¶×£ ךֶÖ×Ö¶×Ö ×ְש×ֵրש×ֶת ×Ö²×Öž×€ÖŽ××Ö ×€ÖŒÖž×šÖž×©×ÖŽÖ×× ×Ö°×¢ÖžÖ× ×֌ַ×Ö×Ö¹× ×ֲש×ֶ֥ך ×¢Ö·×֟ש×ְ׀ַ֜ת֟×Ö·×֌֞Ö× ×֞ךֹÖ× ×Ö·Öœ×֌ַעֲ××ÖŒÖ ×Ö·×֌ַ×Ö²× Ö£×ÖŒ ×Ö°×ÖŽ×Ö°×ÖžÖ×©× ×§ÖŽ×Ö°×Ö·Öת ×֌ֵ֥×ת ×ÖžÖœ×Ö¶××
English:
The Philistines, in turn, gathered to attack Israel: 30,000f30,000 Septuagint and other versions read âthree thousand.â chariots and 6,000 riders,griders Or âhorsesâ; force of Heb. parash(im) uncertain. and troops as numerous as the sands of the seashore. They marched up and encamped at Michmas, east of Beth-aven.
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 6
Hebrew:
×Ö°×ÖŽÖš××©× ×֎ש×ְך֞×ÖµÖ€× ×šÖž××ÖŒÖ ×ÖŒÖŽÖ£× ×ŠÖ·×šÖŸ×Ö×Ö¹ ×ÖŒÖŽÖ¥× × ÖŽ×֌ַÖ×©× ×Öž×¢ÖžÖ× ×Ö·×֌֎֜תְ×Ö·×֌ְ×Ö£×ÖŒ ×Öž×¢ÖžÖ× ×֌ַ×֌ְע֞ךր×ֹת ×ÖŒ×Ö·Öœ×Ö²×Öž×ÖŽ××Ö ×ÖŒ×ַס֌ְ×Öž×¢ÖŽÖ×× ×ÖŒ×ַ׊֌ְך֎×ÖŽÖ×× ×ÖŒ×Ö·×֌ֹך֜×ֹת×
English:
hMeaning of Heb. uncertain. When Israelâs side saw that they were in troubleâfor the troops were hard pressedâthe people hid in caves, among thorns, among rocks, in tunnels, and in cisterns.
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 7
Hebrew:
×Ö°×¢ÖŽ×ְך֎Ö×× ×¢ÖžÖœ×ְך×ÖŒÖ ×ֶת֟×Ö·×֌ַךְ×֌ֵÖ× ×ֶ֥ךֶץ ×֌֞Ö× ×Ö°×ÖŽ×Ö°×¢ÖžÖ× ×ְש×Öž××ÖŒ×Ö ×¢×Ö¹×Ö¶Ö£× ÖŒ×ÖŒ ×Ö·×֌֎×Ö°×֌֞Ö× ×Ö°×××ÖŸ×Öž×¢ÖžÖ× ×֞֜ךְ×Ö¥×ÖŒ ×Ö·×ᅵᅵך֞֜×××
English:
Some Hebrews crossed the Jordan, [to] the territory of Gad and Gilead. Saul was still at Gilgal, and the rest of the people rallied to him in alarm.
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 8
Hebrew:
(×××××) [×Ö·×֌֣×Ö¹×Ö¶×â×] ש×ÖŽ×ְעַ֣ת ×Öž×ÖŽÖ×× ×Ö·×ÖŒ×Ö¹×¢Öµ×Ö ×ֲש×ֶ֣ך ש×Ö°××ÖŒ×ÖµÖ× ×Ö°×Ö¹×ÖŸ×ÖžÖ¥× ×©×Ö°××ÖŒ×ÖµÖ× ×Ö·×֌֎×Ö°×֌֞Ö× ×Ö·×֌֥֞׀ֶץ ×Öž×¢ÖžÖ× ×Öµ×¢Öž×ÖžÖœ×××
English:
He waited seven days, the time that Samuel [had set].i[had set] So some Heb. mss.; other mss., Septuagint, and Targum read âsaid.â Cf. 10.8. But when Samuel failed to come to Gilgal, and the people began to scatter,
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 9
Hebrew:
×Ö·×֌ֹ֣××ֶך ש×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×Ö·×֌֎֣ש××ÖŒ ×Öµ×Ö·Ö× ×Öž×¢Ö¹×ÖžÖ× ×Ö°×ַש×֌ְ×Öž×ÖŽÖ×× ×Ö·×֌ַÖ×¢Ö·× ×Öž×¢Ö¹×ÖžÖœ××
English:
Saul said, âBring me the burnt offering and the sacrifice of well-beingâ; and he presented the burnt offering.
׀ס××§ ×׎ · Verse 10
Hebrew:
×Ö·×Ö°×ÖŽÖ× ×֌ְ×Ö·×֌ֹת×Ö¹Ö ×Ö°×Ö·×¢Ö²×Ö£×ֹת ×Öž×¢Ö¹×ÖžÖ× ×Ö°×ÖŽ× ÖŒÖµÖ¥× ×©×Ö°××ÖŒ×ÖµÖ× ×֌֞Ö× ×Ö·×ÖŒÖµ×ŠÖµÖ¥× ×©×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×֎קְך֞×תÖ×Ö¹ ×Ö°×֞ךְ×Öœ×Ö¹×
English:
He had just finished presenting the burnt offering when Samuel arrived; and Saul went out to meet him and welcome him.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 11
Hebrew:
×Ö·×֌ֹ֥××ֶך ש×Ö°××ÖŒ×ÖµÖ× ×Ö¶Ö£× ×¢Öž×©×ÖŽÖ×ת֞ ×Ö·×֌ֹ֣××ֶך ש×Öž×Ö¡×ÖŒ× ×֌֎֜×֟ך֞×ÖŽÖ©×ת֎×Ö© ×ÖŽÖœ×ÖŸ× Öž×€Ö·Öš×¥ ×Öž×¢ÖžÖ× ×Öµ×¢Öž×Ö·Ö× ×Ö°×ַת֌֞×Ö ×Ö¹Öœ×ÖŸ×ÖžÖ××ªÖžÖ ×Ö°××Ö¹×¢ÖµÖ£× ×Ö·×֌֞×ÖŽÖ×× ×֌׀ְ×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× × Ö¶×ֱס֞׀֎֥×× ×ÖŽ×Ö°×֞֜ש××
English:
But Samuel said, âWhat have you done?â Saul replied, âI saw the people leaving me and scattering; you had not come at the appointed time, and the Philistines had gathered at Michmas.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 12
Hebrew:
×Öž×Ö¹×Ö·Öך ×¢Ö·Ö ×ªÖŒÖžÖ × ×ֵךְ×Öš×ÖŒ ×€Ö°×֎ש×ְת֌֎ր×× ×Öµ×Ö·×Ö ×Ö·×֌֎×Ö°×֌֞Ö× ×ÖŒ×€Ö°× ÖµÖ¥× ×Ö°×Ö¹×ÖžÖ× ×Ö¹Ö£× ×ÖŽ×֌֎Ö××ªÖŽ× ×ÖžÖœ×ֶתְ×ַ׀֌ַÖ×§ ×Öž×Ö·×¢Ö²×Ö¶Ö× ×Öž×¢Ö¹×ÖžÖœ×× {ס}       Â
English:
I thought the Philistines would march down against me at Gilgal before I had entreated GOD, so I forced myselfjforced myself Meaning of Heb. uncertain. to present the burnt offering.â
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 13
Hebrew:
×Ö·×֌ֹ֧××ֶך ש×Ö°××ÖŒ×ÖµÖ× ×Ö¶×֟ש×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× × ÖŽ×¡Ö°×֌֞Ö×ְת֌֞ ×Ö¹Ö£× ×©×Öž×Ö·Öךְת֌֞ ×ֶת֟×֎׊ְ×Ö·Öת ×Ö°×Ö¹×ÖžÖ€× ×Ö±×Ö¹×Ö¶Ö××ÖžÖ ×ֲש×ֶ֣ך ׊֎×֌֞Ö×Ö° ×ÖŒÖŽÖ£× ×¢Ö·×ªÖŒÖžÖ× ×Öµ×ÖŽÖš×× ×Ö°×Ö¹×ÖžÖ§× ×ֶת֟×Ö·Öœ×Ö°×Ö·×ְת֌ְ×ÖžÖ ×Ö¶×ÖŸ×֎ש×ְך֞×ÖµÖ× ×¢Ö·×֟ע×Ö¹×ÖžÖœ××
English:
Samuel answered Saul, âYou acted foolishly in not keeping the commandment that the ETERNAL your God laid upon you! OtherwisekYou acted ⊠Otherwise Change of vocalization yields, âYou acted foolishly. If you had kept the commandment the ETERNAL your God laid upon youâŠâ GOD would have established your dynasty over Israel forever.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 14
Hebrew:
×ְעַת֌֞Ö× ×Ö·×Ö°×Ö·×ְת֌ְ×ÖžÖ£ ×Ö¹Öœ×֟ת֞קÖ×ÖŒ× ×֌֎ק֌ֵש×Ö© ×Ö°×Ö¹×ÖžÖš× ×Ö×Ö¹ ×ÖŽÖ£××©× ×֌֎×Ö°×Öž×Ö×Ö¹ ×Ö·×ְ׊ַ×֌ֵ֚××ÖŒ ×Ö°×Ö¹×ÖžÖ€× ×Ö°× Öž×ÖŽ××Ö ×¢Ö·×֟עַ×ÖŒÖ×Ö¹ ×֌֎Ö× ×Ö¹Ö£× ×©×Öž×Ö·Öךְת֌֞ ×ֵ֥ת ×ֲש×ֶ֜ך֟׊֎×֌ְ×ÖžÖ ×Ö°×Ö¹×ÖžÖœ×× {ס}       Â
English:
But now your dynasty will not endure. GOD will seek out a man with a more willing heart,lwith a more willing heart Trad. âafter His own heart.â Cf. 14.7; 2 Sam. 7.21; Ps. 20.5. and GOD will appoint him ruler over this covenanted people, because you did not abide by what GOD had commanded you.â
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 15
Hebrew:
×Ö·×֌֣֞ק×× ×©×Ö°××ÖŒ×ÖµÖ× ×Ö·×֌ַÖ×¢Ö·× ×ÖŽ×ÖŸ×Ö·×֌֎×Ö°×֌֞Ö× ×֌֎×ְעַ֣ת ×ÖŒÖŽ× Ö°×Öž×ÖŽÖ× ×Ö·×ÖŒÖŽ×€Ö°×§Ö¹Ö£× ×©×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×ֶת֟×Öž×¢Öž×Ö ×Ö·× ÖŒÖŽ×ְ׊ְ×ÖŽÖ£×× ×¢ÖŽ×ÖŒÖ×Ö¹ ×֌ְש×ÖµÖ¥×©× ×Öµ×Ö×ֹת ×ÖŽÖœ×ש××
English:
Samuel arose and went up from GilgalmSamuel arose and went up from Gilgal Septuagint reads here, âSamuel rose and left Gilgal and went his way. The rest of the people followed Saul to meet the soldiers, and they went from Gilgal.â to GibeahnGibeah Sometimes called Geba; cf. vv. 3, 16; 14.5. of Benjamin. Saul numbered the troops who remained with himâabout 600 strong.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 16
Hebrew:
×ְש×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×Ö°××Ö¹× Öž×ªÖžÖ£× ×ÖŒÖ°× Ö×Ö¹ ×Ö°×Öž×¢Öž×Ö ×Ö·× ÖŒÖŽ×Ö°×ŠÖžÖ£× ×¢ÖŽ×֌֞Ö× ×ֹש×Ö°×ÖŽÖ×× ×֌ְ×Ö¶Ö£×Ö·×¢ ×ÖŒÖŽ× Ö°×Öž×ÖŽÖ× ×֌׀ְ×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× ×Öž× Ö¥×ÖŒ ×Ö°×ÖŽ×Ö°×֞֜ש××
English:
Saul and his son Jonathan, and the troops who remained with them, stayed in Geba of Benjamin, while the Philistines were encamped at Michmas.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 17
Hebrew:
×Ö·×ÖŒÖµ×ŠÖµÖ§× ×Ö·×֌ַש×Ö°×ÖŽÖ×ת ×ÖŽ×֌ַ×Ö²× ÖµÖ¥× ×€Ö°×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× ×©×Ö°×ֹש×ÖžÖ£× ×šÖž×ש×ÖŽÖ×× ×֞ךֹ֚××©× ×Ö¶×ÖžÖ¥× ×ÖŽ×€Ö°× Ö¶Ö× ×Ö¶×ÖŸ×֌ֶ֥ךֶ×Ö° ×¢×׀ְך֞Ö× ×Ö¶×ÖŸ×ֶ֥ךֶץ ש××֌ע֞֜××
English:
The raiders came out of the Philistine camp in three columns: One column headed for the Ophrah road that leads to the district of Shual,
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 18
Hebrew:
×Ö°×֞ךֹր××©× ×Ö¶×Öž×Ö ×ÖŽ×€Ö°× Ö¶Ö× ×֌ֶÖךֶ×Ö° ×֌ֵ֣×ת ×ֹךÖ×Ö¹× ×Ö°×֞ךֹ֚××©× ×Ö¶×ÖžÖ€× ×ÖŽ×€Ö°× Ö¶×Ö ×֌ֶ֣ךֶ×Ö° ×Ö·×֌ְ×Ö×ÖŒ× ×Ö·× ÖŒÖŽ×©×Ö°×§ÖžÖ×£ ×¢Ö·×ÖŸ×ÖŒÖµÖ¥× ×ַ׊֌ְ×Ö¹×¢ÖŽÖ×× ×Ö·×֌֎×Ö°×֌֞֜ך֞×× {ס}       Â
English:
another column headed for the Beth-horon road, and the third column headed for the borderothe border Septuagint reads âGeba.â road that overlooks the valley of Zeboim toward the desert.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 19
Hebrew:
×Ö°×֞ך֞ש×Ö ×Ö¹Ö£× ×ÖŽ×֌֞׊ֵÖ× ×֌ְ×Ö¹Ö× ×ֶ֣ךֶץ ×֎ש×ְך֞×ÖµÖ× ×֌֎֜×ÖŸ[×Öž×ְך֣×ÖŒ] (××ך) ×€Ö°×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× ×€ÖŒÖ¶Ö× ×ַעֲש×Ö£×ÖŒ ×Öž×¢ÖŽ×ְך֎Ö×× ×Ö¶Ö×šÖ¶× ×Ö¥×Ö¹ ×Ö²× ÖŽÖœ×ת×
English:
No smith was to be found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines were afraid that the Hebrews would make swords or spears.
׀ס××§ ×׳ · Verse 20
Hebrew:
×Ö·×֌ֵךְ×Ö¥×ÖŒ ×××ÖŸ×֎ש×ְך֞×ÖµÖ× ×ַ׀֌ְ×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× ×ÖŽÖ ×Ö°×Ö ×Ö¹×©× ×ÖŽÖ£××©× ×ֶת֟×Ö·×ֲךַש×ְת֌ր×Ö¹ ×Ö°×ֶת֟×ֵת×Ö¹Ö ×Ö°×ֶת֟קַךְ×֌ֻ×ÖŒÖ×Ö¹ ×Ö°×ÖµÖת ×Ö·×ֲךֵש×֞ת֜×Ö¹×
English:
So all the Israelites had to go down to the Philistines to have their plowshares, their mattocks, axes, and colterspcolters Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Septuagint reads âsickle.â sharpened.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 21
Hebrew:
×Ö°Öœ×֞ᅵᅵְת֞Ö× ×ַ׀֌ְ׊֎֣××šÖž× ×€ÖŽÖ×× ×Ö·×֌ַ֜×ֲךֵש×Ö¹×ªÖ ×Ö°×ÖžÖ£×ֵת֎Ö×× ×Ö°×֎ש×Ö°×Ö¹Ö¥×©× ×§ÖŽ×֌ְש×Ö×Ö¹× ×ÖŒ×Ö°×ַק֌ַךְ×֌ֻ×֌֎Ö×× ×ÖŒ×Ö°×ַ׊֌֎Ö×× ×Ö·×֌֞ךְ×ÖžÖœ××
English:
qMeaning of several terms in this verse uncertain. The charge for sharpening was a pim rpim I.e., two-thirds of a shekel. for plowshares, mattocks, three-pronged forks, and axes, and for setting the goads.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 22
Hebrew:
×Ö°×Öž×Öž×Ö ×֌ְ×Ö£×Ö¹× ×ÖŽ×Ö°×Ö¶Ö×ֶת ×Ö°×Ö¹Öš× × ÖŽ×ְ׊֞Ö× ×Ö¶Ö€×šÖ¶× ×Ö·Öœ×Ö²× ÖŽ××ªÖ ×֌ְ×Ö·Ö£× ×ÖŒ××ÖŸ×Öž×¢ÖžÖ× ×ֲש×ֶ֥ך ×ֶת֟ש×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×Ö°×ֶת֟××Ö¹× Öž×ªÖžÖ× ×ַת֌֎×ÖŒÖž×ŠÖµÖ£× ×ְש×Öž×Ö×ÖŒ× ×ÖŒ×Ö°××Ö¹× Öž×ªÖžÖ× ×ÖŒÖ°× Öœ×Ö¹×
English:
Thus on the day of the battle, no sword or spear was to be found in the possession of any of the troops with Saul and Jonathan; only Saul and Jonathan had them.
׀ס××§ ××Ž× Â· Verse 23
Hebrew:
×Ö·×֌ֵ׊ֵ×Ö ×Ö·×ŠÖŒÖ·Ö£× ×€ÖŒÖ°×֎ש×ְת֌֎Ö×× ×Ö¶Öœ×ÖŸ×Ö·×¢Ö²×Ö·Öך ×ÖŽ×Ö°×֞֜ש×× {ס}       Â
English:
Now the Philistine garrison had marched out to the pass of Michmas.
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