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Nach YomiI Samuel ยท ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืณChapter 7

I Samuel 7

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืณ ืคืจืง ื–ืณ

Section: ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ยท ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื | Book: I Samuel | Chapter: 7 of 31 | Day: 52 of 742

Date: April 4, 2026

ืงืœืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื ืดืš

I Samuel 7 is the hinge chapter of the bookโ€™s first act. Everything that preceded it โ€” the corruption at Shiloh, the Arkโ€™s capture and humiliating journey through Philistia, the destruction of Eliโ€™s house โ€” was demolition. This chapter is reconstruction. Twenty years pass in a single verse (ื•ึทื™ึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ืฉึถืื‘ึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืจึฐื™ึทืช ื™ึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผ ื”ึทื™ึธึผืžึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืขึถืฉึฐื‚ืจึดื™ื ืฉึธืื ึธื”), and in that silence the nation slowly turns. The text says โ€œall the House of Israel yearned after Godโ€ (ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผื”ื•ึผ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื”โ€™), a rare and evocative verb whose precise meaning the commentators debate โ€” Rashi renders it as mourning or lamenting, while the Radak understands it as a collective turning of the heart. Either way, the twenty years of the Arkโ€™s quiet residence in the house of Abinadab on the hill at Kiriath-jearim were not wasted time but the slow ripening of a national repentance.

Samuel seizes this moment with the authority of a true prophet-judge. His demand is uncompromising: if Israel means to return to God โ€œwith all your heartโ€ (ื‘ึฐึผื›ื‡ืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื), they must first remove the alien gods โ€” the Baalim and Ashtaroth โ€” from their midst. There is no shortcut, no magical thinking of the kind that sent the Ark to battle in chapter 4. Samuel insists on inner transformation before external deliverance: โ€œdirect your heart to God, who alone you should serve, and then you will be delivered from the hands of the Philistinesโ€ (ื•ึฐื”ึธื›ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ื”โ€™ ื•ึฐืขึดื‘ึฐื“ึปื”ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึทืฆึตึผืœ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดื™ึทึผื“ ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื). The people obey, and Samuel assembles all Israel at Mizpah for a day of fasting, water-libation, and public confession: โ€œWe have sinned against Godโ€ (ื—ึธื˜ึธืื ื•ึผ ืœึทื”โ€™). The Radak explains that the pouring of water symbolized the outpouring of their hearts in repentance, a total emptying of self before God.

The Philistines, hearing of the assembly, march to attack โ€” and here the contrast with chapter 4 could not be sharper. In that earlier battle, Israel went out armed with the Ark and false confidence. At Mizpah, the people have no Ark, no military plan, and no bravado. Instead, terrified, they beg Samuel: โ€œDo not neglect us and do not refrain from crying out to the Eternal our Godโ€ (ืึทืœ ืชึทึผื—ึฒืจึตืฉื ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ ืžึดื–ึฐึผืขึนืง ืึถืœ ื”โ€™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ). Samuel offers a suckling lamb as a whole burnt offering and cries out to God, and God answers โ€” not through the Ark, not through a priest, but through thunder. The divine thunder throws the Philistines into confusion, and Israel pursues them to a point below Beth-car. The victory is entirely Godโ€™s; Israel merely follows where the rout leads.

Samuel marks the site by setting up a stone between Mizpah and Shen, naming it Eben-ezer โ€” โ€œStone of Helpโ€ โ€” with the words โ€œup to now God has helped usโ€ (ืขึทื“ ื”ึตื ึธึผื” ืขึฒื–ึธืจึธื ื•ึผ ื”โ€™). The name is a deliberate echo of the Eben-ezer where Israel was defeated in chapter 4, a geographical and spiritual redemption of the very place of catastrophe. The chapter closes with a portrait of Samuelโ€™s peacetime leadership: a circuit judge traveling annually between Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah, then returning home to Ramah where he built an altar to God. The Philistines are subdued, lost territory is restored, and there is peace even with the Amorites. It is an idealized picture of theocratic governance โ€” prophet, judge, and intercessor rolled into one โ€” and its very perfection sets the stage for the crisis of chapter 8, when the people will demand a king โ€œlike all the other nationsโ€ and reject the model that Samuel embodies.

ืคืจืง ื–ืณ ยท Chapter 7

ืคืกื•ืง ืืณ ยท Verse 1

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนึœืื•ึผ ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตึฃื™โ€‰ื€ ืงึดืจึฐื™ึทึฃืช ื™ึฐืขึธืจึดึ—ื™ื ื•ึทึฝื™ึผึทืขึฒืœื•ึผึ™ ืึถืชึพืึฒืจึฃื•ึนืŸ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึดึฃืื•ึผ ืึนืชึ”ื•ึน ืึถืœึพื‘ึผึตึฅื™ืช ืึฒื‘ึดื™ื ึธื“ึธึ–ื‘ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึธึ‘ื” ื•ึฐืึถืชึพืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธึคืจ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนึ™ ืงึดื“ึผึฐืฉืึ”ื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนึ–ืจ ืึถืชึพืึฒืจึฅื•ึนืŸ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒย {ืค}

English:

The inhabitants of Kiriath-jearimainhabitants of Kiriath-jearim I.e., a delegation of its inhabitants. came and took up the Ark of GOD and brought it into the house of Abinadab on the hill; and they consecrated his son Eleazar to have charge of the Ark of GOD.

Following the Ark's traumatic journey through Philistia, the men of Kiriath-jearim bring it to the house of Abinadab on the hill and consecrate his son Eleazar as its guardian. Rashi explains that 'consecrated' here means 'designated' or 'appointed,' while Radak and Metzudat David clarify that Eleazar's role was to keep the Ark in a state of purity and to ensure no unauthorized person approached it. The Ark will remain in this quiet obscurity for twenty years -- a striking contrast to its former centrality at Shiloh.
โ–ถCommentaries (3)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
They appointed. Designated.", hebrewText: "ืงึดื“ึฐึผืฉืื•ึผ. ื–ึดืžึฐึผื ื•ึผ:
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื”. ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืช ื™ืขืจื™ื: ืงื“ืฉื•. ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ืœื‘ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื™ ืœืจืื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืœืจื‘ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ื•:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื”. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ื•ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื’ื‘ืขื” ื–ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงืจื™ืช ื™ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืืจื•ืŸ: ืงื“ืฉื•. ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ื–ืžื™ื ื•: ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”'. ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื” ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืœืจื‘ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ:

ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืณ ยท Verse 2

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดึ—ื™ ืžึดื™ึผึžื•ึนื ืฉืึถึคื‘ึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจื•ึนืŸึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื™ึทึฃืช ื™ึฐืขึธืจึดึ”ื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผึ™ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดึ”ื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึ–ื•ึผ ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดึฃื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื”ึ›ื•ึผ ื›ึผื‡ืœึพื‘ึผึตึฅื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตึฅื™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

A long time elapsed from the day that the Ark was housed in Kiriath-jearim, twenty years in all; and all the House of Israel yearned afterbyearned after Meaning of Heb. uncertain. GOD.

Twenty years pass in a single verse, during which all of Israel slowly turns back toward God. The key verb vayinnahu is debated by the commentators: Rashi offers multiple readings -- drawing or being attracted (from Aramaic), lamentation, or gathering -- while Radak suggests they wept and returned in complete repentance, recognizing from the Ark's story that God alone is sovereign. Metzudat David reads it as mourning and regretting their evil deeds throughout the entire twenty-year period. This verse is the emotional pivot of the chapter, showing that national repentance was not sudden but a slow, painful ripening.
โ–ถCommentaries (3)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
From the time the Ark came to rest in Kiryas Yearim. And they saw the retribution which befell them because of the sin of Eili's family, and the mighty deed which the Holy One, Blessed is He, had visited upon the Philistines. The house โ€ฆ was drawn after Adonoy. Through Shmuel who would travel from city to city, judging and reproving them. ื•ึทื™ึดื ึผึธื”ื•ึผ' is an expression of drawing; in Aramaic, 'ืชึผึดืชึผึฐื ึตื”ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคื•ึผืœึฐื—ึธื ึดื™' [they were drawn after My worship]. And similarly 'ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึนื”ึผึท ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื' it is no use to attract them to good.1 Yechezkeil 7:11. Menachem classifies 'ื•ึทื™ึดื ึผึธื”ื•ึผ' as an expression of lamentation, as in 'ื ึฐื”ึดื™ ื ึดื”ึฐื™ึธื”' [a lament has come to be].2Michoh 2:4. And similarly 'ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึนื”ึผึท ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื' [is rendered as, 'and they will have no remorse']. And the meaning of 'ื•ึทื™ึดื ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื”' is, "they lamented their evil deeds, and returned after 'ื”." Another explanation is that 'ื•ึทื™ึดื ึผึธื”ื•ึผ' means 'and they gathered,' as in, "And all the nations will be gathered into it [Yerusholayim]"3Yirmiyohu 3:17. which the Targum renders, "And all nations will gather into it to worship." In this manner, the verse 'ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึนื”ึผึท ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื' may be rendered ืœึนื ืžึตื”ึถื "neither from them," ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึตื”ึฒืžื•ึนื ึธื "nor from their multitude ื•ึฐืœึนื [ืžึด]ื ึนื”ึผึท [ืฉืึถ]ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื meaning nor from their gathering.", hebrewText: "ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ืฉึถืื‘ึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืจึฐื™ึทืช ื™ึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื. ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผ ื”ึทืคึผื•ึผืจึฐืขึธื ื•ึผืช ืฉึถืื‘ึธึผื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืขึตืœึดื™, ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉึถืืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ื”ึทืงึธึผื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึทึผืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื: ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนืณ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ืณ. ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ, ืฉึถืื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึฐื—ึทื–ึตึผืจ ืžึตืขึดื™ืจ ืœึฐืขึดื™ืจ, ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึฐื˜ึธื ื•ึผืžื•ึนื›ึดื™ื—ึธื: ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผื”ื•ึผ. ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึฐืฉึธืื›ึธื” ื”ื•ึผื, ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืึฒืจึธืžึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื: ืชึดึผืชึฐึผื ึตื”ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคื•ึผืœึฐื—ึธื ึดื™, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืดื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึนื”ึทึผ ื‘ึธึผื”ึถืืด (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื–:ื™ื), ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึธึผื”ึถื ืชึผื•ึนืขึถืœึถืช ืœึฐืžึธืฉึฐืื›ึธื ืึถืœ ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘. ื•ึผืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื ื—ึดื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึน ืดื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผื”ื•ึผืด ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื™ึฐืœึธืœึธื”, ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ืดื ึฐื”ึดื™ ื ึดื”ึฐื™ึธื”ืด (ืžื™ื›ื” ื‘:ื“), ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืดื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึนื”ึทึผ ื‘ึธึผื”ึถืืด (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื–:ื™ื), ื•ึผืคึตื™ืจื•ึผืฉื ืดื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผื”ื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ืณืด, ืฉึถืื”ึดืชึฐืึทื‘ึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื™ื”ึถื ื”ึธืจึธืขึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉึธืื‘ื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ืณ. ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืึทื—ึตืจ: ืดื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผื”ื•ึผืด ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ืดื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐืึทืกึฐึผืคื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึดืงึฐื•ื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดืืด (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื’:ื™ื–), ืžึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึฐึผืžึดื™ื ึธืŸ: ืดื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐื ึทื”ื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐืžึดืคึฐืœึทื— ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ื›ึธึผืœ ืขึทืžึฐืžึทื™ึธึผืืด, ื•ึฐื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึดื–ึถึผื” ื”ึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื’ึทึผื ื›ึตึผืŸ ืดื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึนื”ึทึผ ื‘ึธึผื”ึถืืด (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื–:ื™ื), ื›ึฐึผืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉึถืืึธืžึทืจ ืดืœึนื ืžึตื”ึถื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึตื”ึฒืžื•ึนื ึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดื ึนึผื”ึทึผ ืฉึถืื‘ึธึผื”ึถืืด, ื›ึฐึผืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดืงึดึผื‘ึผื•ึผืฅ ืฉึถืืœึธึผื”ึถื (ืกืคืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื•):
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ืžื™ื•ื. ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ: ืžื”ืชื—ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื• ื•ื™ืœืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืจื˜ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื•, ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืณ:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ื•ื™ื ื”ื•. ื™"ืž ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื”ื• ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ื• ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื›ื™ ืจืื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื™ ื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ื ืชื—ืจื˜ื• ืขืœ ืืœื”ื™ ื”ื ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืžืชืจื’ื•ื ื•ื ืงื•ื• ืืœื™ื” ื•ื™ืชื ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ืช"ื™ ื•ื™ื ื”ื• ื•ืื™ืชื ื”ื™ืื• ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืœื ื ืืกืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ื”ื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื•ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”' ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืกื™ืจื• ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฉืชืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืจื• ื›ืœ ื–ื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื:

ืคืกื•ืง ื’ืณ ยท Verse 3

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึนึฃืืžึถืจ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตึ—ืœ ืึถืœึพื›ึผื‡ืœึพื‘ึผึตึฃื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ืœึตืืžึนืจึ’ ืึดืึพื‘ึผึฐื›ื‡ืœึพืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถึ—ื ืึทืชึผึถึคื ืฉืึธื‘ึดื™ืึ™ ืึถืœึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ื”ึธืกึดึœื™ืจื•ึผ ืึถืชึพืึฑืœึนื”ึตึงื™ ื”ึทื ึผึตื›ึธึ›ืจ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนื›ึฐื›ึถึ–ื ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึทืฉืึฐืชึผึธืจึ‘ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึธื›ึดึจื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถึคื ืึถืœึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ื•ึฐืขึดื‘ึฐื“ึปึฃื”ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึ”ื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึทืฆึผึตึฅืœ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถึ–ื ืžึดื™ึผึทึฅื“ ืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึฝื™ืืƒ

English:

And Samuel said to all the House of Israel, โ€œIf you mean to return to GOD with all your heart, you must remove the alien gods and the Ashtarothcthe Ashtaroth Objects used in worship of the goddess Ashtoreth. from your midst and direct your heart to GOD, who alone you should serve. Then you will be delivered from the hands of the Philistines.โ€

Samuel seizes the moment of national yearning and sets a clear condition: if Israel's return is sincere -- 'with all your heart' -- they must first purge the foreign gods (Baalim and Ashtaroth) from their midst. Metzudat David emphasizes that Samuel demands total removal and exclusive worship without any syncretism. This is the antithesis of chapter 4's approach, where Israel carried the Ark into battle as a magical talisman without any inner transformation. Samuel insists that repentance must precede deliverance.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื”ืกื™ืจื•. ืžื›ืœ ื•ื›ืœ: ืœื‘ื“ื•. ื‘ืœื ืฉืชื•ืฃ:

ืคืกื•ืง ื“ืณ ยท Verse 4

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึธืกึดึ™ื™ืจื•ึผึ™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ืึถืชึพื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืขึธืœึดึ–ื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึทืฉืึฐืชึผึธืจึนึ‘ืช ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึฅื•ึผ ืึถืชึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ–ื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึฝื•ึนืƒย {ืค}

English:

And the Israelites removed the Baalim and Ashtaroth and they served GOD alone.

The people's immediate obedience marks this as a genuine turning point. They remove both the Baalim (male Canaanite deities) and the Ashtaroth (female fertility goddesses) and commit to serving God exclusively. The brevity of this verse -- just one sentence for what must have been a wrenching cultural transformation -- underscores the text's emphasis on decisive action. Throughout the book of Judges, Israel repeatedly fell into cycles of idolatry and repentance; here, Samuel's prophetic authority achieves what the judges could not sustain.

ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืณ ยท Verse 5

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึนึฃืืžึถืจ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตึ”ืœ ืงึดื‘ึฐืฆึฅื•ึผ ืึถืชึพื›ึผื‡ืœึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธึ‘ืชึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตึฅืœ ื‘ึผึทืขึทื“ึฐื›ึถึ–ื ืึถืœึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Samuel said, โ€œAssemble all Israel at Mizpah, and I will pray to GOD for you.โ€

Samuel calls a national assembly at Mizpah, a site with deep significance for Israelite gatherings (cf. Judges 20-21). Radak explains that Mizpah had an established altar and house of prayer, connected to the great victory Joshua won there against the Canaanite kings. Samuel promises to pray on Israel's behalf, positioning himself as intercessor -- a role that combines prophet, judge, and priest, and defines his unique leadership throughout this chapter.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ืงื‘ืฆื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืฆืคืชื”. ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื™ืจืฉืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืงื‘ืฅ ืžืฆืคืชื” ื•ืฉื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืชืคืœื” ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืฉื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืœื—ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขื ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืฉ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืคืชื” ืื• ื”ืžืฆืคืชื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื” ืืœื ื›ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืฆืื” ืžืชื—ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืชื—ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื” ื ืชื•ืŸ, ื•ืชืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื–ื” ื”ื“ืจืฉ ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ืœื”' ืืฆืœ ืฉื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืœื ื—ืจื‘ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื” ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื’ืœื” ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขืช ืฉื‘ื ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื™ืช ื™ืขืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืืœ ื ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›' ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื ื•ื‘:

ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืณ ยท Verse 6

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึธื‘ึฐืฆึฃื•ึผ ื”ึทึ ืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธึ ืชึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดึฝืฉืึฐืึฒื‘ื•ึผึพืžึทึœื™ึดื ื•ึทึฝื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื›ึฃื•ึผโ€‰ื€ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ—ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฆึ™ื•ึผืžื•ึผึ™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฃื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึ”ื•ึผื ื•ึทื™ึผึนึฃืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืฉืึธึ”ื ื—ึธื˜ึธึ–ืื ื•ึผ ืœึทึฝื™ื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนึงื˜ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตึ›ืœ ืึถืชึพื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฅื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

They assembled at Mizpah, and they drew water and poured it out before GOD; they fasted that day, and there they confessed that they had sinned against GOD. And Samuel acted as chieftain of the Israelites at Mizpah.

The assembly at Mizpah involves three acts of repentance: drawing and pouring water, fasting, and public confession. The water-pouring ritual is enigmatic -- Targum Yonatan, cited by both Rashi and Radak, interprets it as pouring out their hearts in repentance 'like water before God.' Metzudat David reads it as tears of remorse. Rashi adds that Samuel also judged monetary disputes between litigants, because complete repentance requires rectifying wrongs between people, not only between humanity and God. This verse establishes Samuel as Israel's undisputed leader at Mizpah.
โ–ถCommentaries (3)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
They drew water and poured it out.4Perhaps as Dovid did in II Shmuel 23:16. Targum Yonoson renders, "and they poured out their hearts like water, in repentance, before '."5See Eichah 2:19.ื” And according to its simple meaning, it is merely symbolic of humility, [i. e.,] we are before You like these poured out waters.6Water may also be referring to the Torah which is often compared to water. By filling their hearts with Torah, the Bnei Yisroel were able to recognize their sins, feel the need to change their ways and return to 'ื”. Shmuel judged. Between two litigants regarding monetary matters between them,7People sought to cleanse themselves of sins that had been committed between their fellow man. They first had to rectify their misdeeds. They therefore went to Shmuel, for him to judge them and to determine who owed what to whom and what wrongs had to be corrected. or concerning sins which they had committed.", hebrewText: "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืึฒื‘ื•ึผ ืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืคึฐึผื›ื•ึผ. ืชึดึผืจึฐื’ึตึผื ื™ื•ึนื ึธืชึธืŸ: ืดื•ึผืฉึฐืืคึดื™ื›ื•ึผ ืœึดื‘ึฐึผื”ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึดึผืชึฐื™ื•ึผื‘ึฐืชึธึผื ื›ึฐึผืžึทื™ึธึผื ืงึณื“ึธื ื”ืณืด. ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ ืžึทืฉึฐืืžึธืขื•ึน, ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืึถืœึธึผื ืกึดื™ืžึทืŸ ื”ึทื›ึฐื ึธืขึธื”, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืึธื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึฐึผืžึทื™ึดื ื”ึทืœึธึผืœื•ึผ ื”ึทื ึดึผืฉึฐืืคึธึผื›ึดื™ืŸ: ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืคึนึผื˜ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ. ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ, ืขึทืœ ืขึดืกึฐืงึตื™ ืžึธืžื•ึนืŸ ืฉึถืื‘ึตึผื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื, ืื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืขึดืกึฐืงึตื™ ืขึฒื‘ึตื™ืจึธื” ืฉึถืืขึธื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ:
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื•ื™ืฉืื‘ื• ืžื™ื. ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ: ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืœ ืžื™ ื“ืžืข, ื•ืฉืคื›ื• ื‘ืชืคืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ: ื•ื™ืฉืคื•ื˜. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ื•ื™ืฉืื‘ื• ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืคื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”'. ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ืฉืคื™ื›ื• ืœื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ื•ื‘ืชื ื›ืžื™ื ืงื“ื ื”' ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉืฉืคื›ื• ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื›ืคืจืช ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื›ืžื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ: ื•ื™ืฉืคื˜ ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื ื• ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ืชื•ื“ื• ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื:

ืคืกื•ืง ื–ืณ ยท Verse 7

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขึฃื•ึผ ืคึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึ—ื™ื ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื”ึดืชึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืฆึคื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตึฝื™ึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœึ™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธึ”ืชึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืœึฅื•ึผ ืกึทืจึฐื ึตึฝื™ึพืคึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึ–ื™ื ืึถืœึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ‘ืœ ื•ึทึฝื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผึ™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึดึฝืจึฐืึ–ื•ึผ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตึฅื™ ืคึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึฝื™ืืƒ

English:

When the Philistines heard that the Israelites had assembled at Mizpah, the lords of the Philistines marched out against Israel. Hearing of this, the Israelites were terrified of the Philistines

The Philistine lords (seranim) interpret Israel's religious assembly as a military mobilization and march to attack. Metzudat David notes they assumed the gathering was preparation for war. Israel's terror is significant: unlike in chapter 4, where they fought with false confidence backed by the Ark, here the people are genuinely afraid and have no military strategy. This vulnerability becomes the precondition for authentic reliance on God rather than on symbols or strength.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื•ื™ืขืœื•. ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื, ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื”:

ืคืกื•ืง ื—ืณ ยท Verse 8

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจึคื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตึฝื™ึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœึ™ ืึถืœึพืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตึ”ืœ ืึทืœึพืชึผึทื—ึฒืจึตึฃืฉื ืžึดืžึผึถึ”ื ึผื•ึผ ืžึดื–ึผึฐืขึนึ–ืง ืึถืœึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฃื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตึ‘ื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึนืฉืึดืขึตึ–ื ื•ึผ ืžึดื™ึผึทึฅื“ ืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึฝื™ืืƒ

English:

and they implored Samuel, โ€œDo not neglect us and do not refrain from crying out to the ETERNAL our God to save us from the hands of the Philistines.โ€

In their terror, the Israelites plead with Samuel not to stop praying for them. Metzudat David explains that 'do not be silent from us' means 'do not withhold from us the good that comes from crying out to God.' Radak notes the grammatical form of the verb is unusual. The people's request shows a radical transformation: in chapter 4 they turned to the Ark as a talisman; here they turn to a prophet's prayer. They have learned that deliverance comes through genuine relationship with God, not through ritual objects.
โ–ถCommentaries (2)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ืืœ ืชื—ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื•. ืืœ ืชืฉืชื•ืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืขื•ืง ืืœ ื”ืณ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื•:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ืืœ ืชื—ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื•. ืžื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืจื™ืฉื• ืžืžื ื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืขืœ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื•ืžื“:

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืณ ยท Verse 9

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทึฃื— ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตึ—ืœ ื˜ึฐืœึตึคื” ื—ึธืœึธื‘ึ™ ืึถื—ึธึ”ื“ (ื•ื™ืขืœื”) [ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฝืขึฒืœึตึงื”ื•ึผ] ืขื•ึนืœึธึ›ื” ื›ึผึธืœึดึ–ื™ืœ ืœึทื™ื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึฐืขึทึจืง ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตึคืœ ืึถืœึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทึฃื“ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ื•ึทึฝื™ึผึทืขึฒื ึตึ–ื”ื•ึผ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Thereupon Samuel took a suckling lamb and sacrificed it as a whole burnt offering to GOD; and Samuel cried out to GOD on behalf of Israel, and GOD responded to him.

Samuel offers a suckling lamb as a whole burnt offering and cries out to God, who responds. Rashi highlights a textual anomaly: the ketiv (written form) uses a feminine suffix, suggesting the animal was female, from which the Sages in Avodah Zarah 24b derived that a female animal is valid for a burnt offering on a private altar. Radak explains that God's response may have come either through fire descending from heaven upon the offering, or through the thunder that immediately follows. Metzudat David sees the divine fire as confirmation that the offering was accepted and that victory was assured.
โ–ถCommentaries (3)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
And offered it all as a burnt offering. The ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ is 'ื•ึทื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื”ึธ' because it was a female.8Although the ืงึฐืจึดื™ is in the male form. From here our Rabbis deduced that a female animal is acceptable as a burnt offering on a private altar.9", hebrewText: "ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึฒืœึถื” ืขื•ึนืœึธื”. ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึฒืœึถื”ึธ ื›ึฐึผืชึดื™ื‘, ื ึฐืงึตื‘ึธื” ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื”, ืžึดื›ึธึผืืŸ ืœึธืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ: ืขื•ึนืœึธื” ื ึฐืงึตื‘ึธื” ื›ึฐึผืฉึตืืจึธื” ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึธืžึทืช ื™ึธื—ึดื™ื“, ื‘ึฐึผืžึทืกึถึผื›ึถืช ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึธืจึธื” (ื›ื“ ื‘):
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื˜ืœื” ื—ืœื‘. ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ: ืขื•ื“ื• ื™ื•ื ืง ื”ื—ืœื‘: ื•ื™ืขื ื”ื• ื”ืณ. ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ: ืจืื” ืฉื ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื™ืจื“ื” ื”ืืฉ ื•ืฉืจืคื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืชืฉื•ืขื”:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ื˜ืœื” ื—ืœื‘. ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืง ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ: ื•ื™ืขืœื” ืขื•ืœื”. ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืงืจื™ ื•ื™ืขืœื”ื• ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืืžืจื• ื•ื™ืขืœื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ืงื‘ื” ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืกืžื›ื• ืฉืขื•ืœืช ื ืงื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ื‘ืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ืจ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื—ืจื‘ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื”ื ืœื ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืชืจื• ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ืฉื ืืกืจื• ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื•ืืžืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื ืชืจืช ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืขืœื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืฉื—ืจื‘ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืื– ื™ื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข: ื•ื™ืขื ื”ื• ื”'. ืืคืฉืจ ืข"ื™ ืืฉ ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืขื ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœื ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืžืข ื”ืจืขื ืื– ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืขื ื”ื• ื”':

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืด ยท Verse 10

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดึคื™ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœึ™ ืžึทืขึฒืœึถึฃื” ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธึ”ื” ื•ึผืคึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึฃื™ื ื ึดื’ึผึฐืฉืึ”ื•ึผ ืœึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธึ–ื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ‘ืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐืขึตึฃื ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฃื” ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœึพื’ึผึธึ ื“ึ ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึจื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึคื•ึผื ืขึทืœึพืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ืึ™ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึปืžึผึตึ”ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื’ึฐืคึ–ื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึฅื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึฝืœืƒ

English:

For as Samuel was presenting the burnt offering and the Philistines advanced to attack Israel, GOD thundered mightily against the Philistines that day, throwing them into confusion; and they were routed by Israel.

The timing is dramatic: while the offering is still on the altar and the Philistines are closing in, God intervenes with mighty thunder that throws the enemy into panic and confusion. Metzudat David emphasizes that the Philistines were routed before Israel even engaged in battle -- the defeat was entirely God's doing. This stands in deliberate contrast to the battle of chapter 4, where Israel brought the Ark but God did not fight for them. Here, without the Ark but with genuine repentance and prayer, God himself becomes their warrior.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื•ื™ืจืขื ื”ืณ. ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืจืขื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื™ื”ื ืื•ืชื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื ื’ืคื• ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”:

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื ยท Verse 11

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึตึจืฆึฐืึœื•ึผ ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตึคื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœึ™ ืžึดืŸึพื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธึ”ื” ื•ึทึฝื™ึผึดืจึฐื“ึผึฐืคึ–ื•ึผ ืึถืชึพืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึ‘ื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผึ•ื•ึผื ืขึทื“ึพืžึดืชึผึทึ–ื—ึทืช ืœึฐื‘ึตึฅื™ืช ื›ึผึธึฝืจืƒ

English:

The men of Israel sallied out of Mizpah and pursued the Philistines, striking them down to a point below Beth-car.

After God's thunder routs the Philistines, Israel's men pursue and strike them as far as Beth-car. Rashi identifies Beth-car with Beth-sharon, while both Radak and Rashi connect the name to 'the tooth of the rock' (shen ha-sela). Metzudat David notes that Israel struck the Philistines along the entire route of their retreat. The pursuit is significant: Israel's role is to follow up on God's decisive intervention, not to win the battle through their own military prowess.
โ–ถCommentaries (3)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
Until below Beis Kor. Below Beis Sharon.", hebrewText: "ืžึดืชึทึผื—ึทืช ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื›ึธึผืจ. ืดืžึดืœึฐึผืจึทืข ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืฉึธืืจื•ึนืŸืด:
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื•ื™ืฆืื•. ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆืื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆืคื” ื•ืจื“ืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ื: ืขื“ ืžืชื—ืช. ื”ื›ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืฉืจ ืจื“ืคื•ื, ืขื“ ื‘ื•ืื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจ:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ืœื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจ. ืช"ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื›ืจ ื ืจื—ื‘:

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื‘ ยท Verse 12

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทึจื— ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตึœืœ ืึถึฃื‘ึถืŸ ืึทื—ึทึ—ืช ื•ึทื™ึผึธึคืฉื‚ึถื ื‘ึผึตึฝื™ืŸึพื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธื”ึ™ ื•ึผื‘ึตึฃื™ืŸ ื”ึทืฉืึผึตึ”ืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธึฅื ืึถืชึพืฉืึฐืžึธึ–ื”ึผ ืึถึฃื‘ึถืŸ ื”ึธืขึธึ‘ื–ึถืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทึ•ืจ ืขึทื“ึพื”ึตึ–ื ึผึธื” ืขึฒื–ึธืจึธึฅื ื•ึผ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Samuel took a stone and set it up between Mizpah and Shen,dShen Otherwise unknown; perhaps identical with โ€œJeshanahโ€; cf. Septuagint; also 2 Chron. 13.19. and named it Eben-ezer:eEben-ezer I.e., โ€œStone of Help.โ€ โ€œFor up to now,โ€ he said, โ€œGOD has helped us.โ€

Samuel erects a memorial stone between Mizpah and Shen (which Rashi and Radak identify as a rocky crag), naming it Eben-ezer -- 'Stone of Help.' The name is a powerful redemptive echo: the earlier Eben-ezer (I Samuel 4:1) was the site of Israel's catastrophic defeat and the Ark's capture. Metzudat David offers a precise reading of Samuel's declaration 'up to here God has helped us': up to this point, God alone fought through the thunder, and only from here onward did Israel's own hand prevail. The stone thus marks the boundary between divine and human action.
โ–ถCommentaries (3)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
And Shein. The peak of the rock.10Or ืฉืึตืŸ may denote the shape of the rock, i.e. it was shaped like a tooth; and it may be the same crag referred to below in 14:5.โ€”Da'as Sofrim.", hebrewText: "ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืฉึตึผืืŸ. ืฉึตืืŸ ื”ึทืกึถึผืœึทืข:
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืคื” ื•ื›ื•ืณ. ืฉื ืขืžื“ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื: ืขื“ ื”ื ื” ืขื–ืจื ื• ื”ืณ. ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ: ืขื“ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื ื• ื”ืณ, ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืžืžื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจืขื ื•ืœื ืฉืœื˜ื” ื‘ื”ื ื™ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื•ื”ืœืื” ืจื“ืคื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื” ื‘ื”ื ื™ื“ื:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืŸ. ืฉืŸ ืกืœืข ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื•ื ืงืจื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•:

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื’ ยท Verse 13

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดื›ึผึธึฝื ึฐืขื•ึผึ™ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึ”ื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนึฝืึพื™ึธืกึฐืคึฃื•ึผ ืขึ”ื•ึนื“ ืœึธื‘ึ–ื•ึนื ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื‘ึฃื•ึผืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ‘ืœ ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดึคื™ ื™ึทื“ึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึ”ื™ื ื›ึผึนึ–ืœ ื™ึฐืžึตึฅื™ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตึฝืœืƒ

English:

The Philistines were humbled and did not invade the territory of Israel again; and GODโ€™s hand was set against the Philistines as long as Samuel lived.

This verse summarizes the lasting impact of the Mizpah victory: Philistine aggression ceased and God's hand remained against them throughout Samuel's active years. Metzudat David qualifies this as lasting until Samuel grew old and could no longer travel among the people. Radak provides crucial context for the entire book's arc: it was precisely when Samuel aged and could no longer circulate to admonish the people that they sinned again, the Philistines regained the upper hand, and Israel demanded a king. The peace described here thus contains the seeds of the monarchy crisis in chapter 8.
โ–ถCommentaries (2)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื•ืœื ื™ืกืคื•. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขื“ ืœื ื ื–ื“ืงืŸ, ืœื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื•ืชื”ื™ ื™ื“ ื”ืณ ื‘ืคืœืฉืชื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื—ื•ื ืขืžื• ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื–ืงืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœืกื‘ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืงื ืชื• ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ื˜ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื”ืกื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ืฉืืœื• ืœื”ื ืžืœืš ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ื˜ืื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืจืข ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืฉืฉืืœื• ืœื”ื ืžืœืš ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืœืš ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ื›ืฉื‘ื ืืœื™ื• ืฉืื•ืœ ื›ืขืช ืžื—ืจ ืืฉืœื— ืืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉ ืžืืจืฅ ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ ื•ืžืฉื—ืชื• ืœื ื’ื™ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืืช ืขืžื™ ืžื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืื” ืฆืขืงืชื• ืืœื™:

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื“ ยท Verse 14

Hebrew:

ื•ึทืชึผึธืฉืึนึฃื‘ึฐื ึธื” ื”ึถืขึธืจึดึกื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืœึธึฝืงึฐื—ื•ึผึพืคึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ืึฉ ืžึตืึตึจืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึคืœโ€‰ื€โ€‰ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœึ™ ืžึตืขึถืงึฐืจึฃื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ึพื’ึผึทึ”ืช ื•ึฐืึถึจืชึพื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึธึ”ืŸ ื”ึดืฆึผึดึฅื™ืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ืžึดื™ึผึท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝื“ ืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึ‘ื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดึฃื™ ืฉืึธืœึ”ื•ึนื ื‘ึผึตึฅื™ืŸ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ื•ึผื‘ึตึฅื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืžึนืจึดึฝื™ืƒ

English:

The towns that the Philistines had taken from Israel, from Ekron to Gath, were restored to Israel; Israel recovered all her territory from the Philistines. There was also peace between Israel and the Amorites.

The victory's scope is territorial: all cities from Ekron to Gath, originally captured by the tribe of Judah (Judges 1) and later seized by the Philistines, are restored. Radak puzzles over why the peace with the Amorites is mentioned here, and suggests that during the period of Philistine domination, the remaining Amorites also attacked Israel (as described in Judges 1 regarding the tribe of Dan). Once the Philistines were subdued, the Amorites also made peace. Metzudat David similarly connects the Amorite aggression to the period of Philistine dominance, noting that Israelite strength restored the broader regional peace.
โ–ถCommentaries (2)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื•ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœืŸ. ื”ืฆื™ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ, ืœื‘ืœื™ ืชืช ืœืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืจืฉืช ืขื•ื“ ืžื” ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœืŸ: ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืฉืœื•ื. ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืœื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ืœื—ืžื• ืขืžื”ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ ื”ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ื•ืชืฉื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืจื™ื. ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื“ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืชื—ืœืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ืœืงื—ื•ื ืžื”ื ื•ืขืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™. ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื˜ืขื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ ืืœื ืขื ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื“ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ืœื—ืฆื• ื”ืืžืจื™ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื“ืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ ืžืžืขืœื” ืขืงืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืกืœืข ื•ืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ื‘ืจืื•ืชื ื›ื™ ื ื›ื ืขื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉื• ื’ื ื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืดื• ยท Verse 15

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนึคื˜ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœึ™ ืึถืชึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ื›ึผึนึ–ืœ ื™ึฐืžึตึฅื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึธึฝื™ื•ืƒ

English:

Samuel judged Israel as long as he lived.

This verse declares that Samuel served as Israel's judge for his entire life -- even after Saul became king. Metzudat David clarifies that from the moment Samuel was appointed as judge until his death, he continued in that role alongside the monarchy. Radak specifies the duration as thirteen years and cites a midrash that Samuel's importance was so great that even from his mother's womb he was inscribed in the heavenly records. This lifelong service distinguishes Samuel from all previous judges, whose authority was typically limited to specific crises.
โ–ถCommentaries (2)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•. ืžืขืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืžื“ ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืžืช, ื•ืืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืœืš ืฉืื•ืœ, ืฉืคื˜ ื”ื•ื:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•. ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืžืช ื•ื”ื ืฉืœืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืฉ ื•ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื”ืœื ืœื ืฉืคื˜ื ืืœื ืฉืœืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื” ืืœื ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืขื™ ืืžื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”:

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืดื– ยท Verse 16

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทึ—ืšึฐ ืžึดื“ึผึตึคื™ ืฉืึธื ึธื”ึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธื ึธึ”ื” ื•ึฐืกึธื‘ึทื‘ึ™ ื‘ึผึตึฝื™ืชึพืึตึ”ืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐื’ึผึธึ–ืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธึ‘ื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธืคึทื˜ึ™ ืึถืชึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ืึตึฅืช ื›ึผื‡ืœึพื”ึทืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืžึ–ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตึฝืœึผึถื”ืƒ

English:

Each year he made the rounds of Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah, acting as judge over Israel at all those places.

Samuel's annual circuit through Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah established an itinerant judicial system, bringing justice to the people rather than requiring them to travel to a central court. Metzudat David describes him leaving his home each year to make the rounds and judge in each city. This circuit-riding model of leadership -- accessible, mobile, and personal -- represents the ideal of prophetic governance. Its eventual failure when Samuel grew old is precisely what triggers the people's demand for a king in the next chapter.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื•ื”ืœืš. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ืœืš ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืกื‘ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ื•ื›ื•ืณ, ื•ืฉื ืฉืคื˜ื:

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื– ยท Verse 17

Hebrew:

ื•ึผืชึฐืฉืึปื‘ึธืชึคื•ึน ื”ึธืจึธืžึธึ™ืชึธื”ึ™ ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืฉืึธึฃื ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึ”ื•ึน ื•ึฐืฉืึธึ–ื ืฉืึธืคึธึฃื˜ ืึถืชึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ‘ืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึถืŸึพืฉืึธึฅื ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตึ–ื—ึท ืœึทื™ื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒย {ืค}

English:

Then he would return to Ramah, for his home was there, and there too he would judge Israel. He built an altar there to GOD.

Samuel's home base was Ramah, where he both judged those who came from distant places and built a personal altar to God. Radak explains that after the destruction of Shiloh, private altars (bamot) were permitted, and Samuel was the first to establish one -- a privilege granted to prophets. The Sages, cited by Radak, derive from the phrase 'his home was there' that wherever Samuel traveled, he brought his own provisions and never benefited from others, a model of incorruptible leadership. The chapter closes with an idealized portrait of theocratic governance that sets up the painful contrast when Israel rejects this model in chapter 8.
โ–ถCommentaries (2)
ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“Metzudat David
", hebrewText: "ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•. ืื—ืจ ืกื‘ื•ื‘ื•, ืฉื‘ ืœืจืžื”, ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืชื•: ื•ืฉื ืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ื•ืณ. ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžืžืจื—ืง:
ืจื“ืดืงRadak
", hebrewText: "ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืจืžืชื” ื›ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื•ืžืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื•ืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืฉื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืžื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ืขืžื• ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื ื” ืžืื“ื ืืœื ืžืฉืœื• ื•ืคื™' ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ื‘: ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื”'. ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื ื—ืจื‘ ืฉื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืชืจื• ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื›ื™ ื–ืจ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื•:

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