Isaiah 8
ืืฉืขืืื ืคืจืง ืืณ
Section: ื ืืืืื ยท ื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืื | Book: Isaiah | Chapter: 8 of 66 | Day: 155 of 742
Date: July 16, 2026
ืงืืืื ืขื ืื ืดื
Chapter 8 continues the Immanu El drama of chapter 7, but shifts its medium: prophecy here becomes a matter of public record. The prophet is commanded to take a large sheet and write on it, โin the script of a common manโ (bโcheret enosh), four words: Maher Shalal Chash Baz โ โthe spoil speeds, the plunder hastensโ โ and to have the document attested by two reliable witnesses. Rashi explains the common script as writing any reader can run through, even the simplest; the prophecy must be legible, dated, and notarized before the event, so that its fulfillment cannot be explained away afterward. Radak adds two fine observations: the sheet is vast and the writing on it tiny โ an emblem of a spacious land soon to be emptied of its inhabitants โ and the command โin the script of a manโ means the writing must be done in actual deed, not merely within the prophetic vision, unlike other symbolic acts of the prophets which, in his view, took place in vision alone. The witnesses raise a chronological puzzle the Sages turned into a teaching: Uriah prophesied destruction in the days of Yehoyakim, and Zechariah ben Yeverechyahu consolation in the second year of Daryavesh โ they never stood in one generation. Rashi and Radak bring Chazalโs resolution: the verse is Godโs own testimony, pairing the two across centuries so that the fulfillment of Uriahโs prophecy of doom (โZion shall be plowed as a fieldโ) becomes the guarantee of Zechariahโs prophecy of comfort (โold men and old women shall yet sit in the streets of Jerusalemโ) โ the very inference with which Rabbi Akiva laughed while his colleagues wept. Then the prophetess conceives and bears the sign-child; Rashi, following the Seder Olam, identifies him with Immanu El himself โ the prophecy was given in Achazโs fourth year, and two children could not be born one after the other within it โ the mother naming him for Godโs presence, the father for the enemyโs plunder. Before the boy can say โfatherโ and โmother,โ Damascusโs wealth and Shomronโs spoil are carried before the king of Assyria.
The chapterโs central oracle is a parable of two waters. โBecause this people has despised the waters of the Shiloach that flow gently, and rejoices in Retzin and the son of Remalyahuโ โ therefore God will bring up โthe waters of the River, mighty and many, the king of Assyria and all his glory.โ Radak and Metzudat David explain the politics beneath the poetry: many in Judah, watching Ephraimโs power and the house of Davidโs weakness under Achaz, preferred Pekachโs muscular kingdom to their own quiet one โ the Shiloach, a small stream running softly, is Davidic kingship itself. Rashi preserves the aggadah that transposes the scene to Chizkiyahuโs day: Shevna and his circle despised a king who shunned the royal table to eat a measure of vegetables and busy himself with Torah, while Pekach ate forty seโah of fledglings as dessert โ and God answered the appetite in kind: โYou desire eaters? I will bring you eaters in abundanceโ โ the Euphrates in flood. The flood image is exact: the River rises over its channels and banks โ Radak reads the banks as the fortified cities of Judah, all of which fell โ and sweeps into Judah โup to the neck.โ Radak explains the anatomy: Jerusalem is the head, and when water reaches a manโs neck he is a handโs breadth from drowning; so the city stood when Sancherivโs camp surrounded it, saved only by the mercy of God. And the surging clause resolves into a cry that is also the sign-childโs name: โthe span of his wings will fill the breadth of your land โ Immanu El!โ From there the prophet turns on the nations with the taunt that entered the liturgy: band together and be broken; gird yourselves and be broken; โtake counsel and it will be annulled, speak a word and it will not stand โ ki Immanu El, for God is with us.โ
Against the panicking majority the chapter now builds a counter-community. God speaks to the prophet โwith the strength of the handโ โ Rashi explains the phrase, as in Yechezkel, as the overwhelming grip of prophecy โ and warns him โnot to walk in the way of this peopleโ: do not call conspiracy everything they call conspiracy, do not fear what they fear. Rashi, following Sanhedrin 26a, reads this as the charter of the faithful minority: Chizkiyahuโs small circle must not defer to Shevnaโs majority, for the rule of following the majority does not apply to a band of the wicked. Fear is to have one object only: โThe Lord of Hosts โ Him shall you sanctify; He is your fear and He is your strength.โ And then the doubled destiny in a single verse: God Himself will be for a mikdash โ Radak: a fortress and place of refuge for those who trust in Him โ and โa stone of striking and a rock of stumbling for the two houses of Israel.โ Rashi names the two houses: Pekach and his company, Shevna and his company โ and verse 15 records their historical shattering: Pekach assassinated by Hoshea, the ten tribes taken by Assyria, Shevna swept away. The same God, one presence, is sanctuary or stumbling block according to the posture of the one who meets Him. Meanwhile the testimony is to be bound up and the Torah sealed โamong my disciplesโ (bโlimmudai) โ and Rashi crowns the passage with the Bereishit Rabbah aggadah on Achazโs name: he โseizedโ (achaz) the synagogues and study-houses, reasoning that without kids there are no goats, without goats no flock, and without a flock no Shepherd โ starve the schools and the Shechinah itself will depart. The prophet answers with his children and his students: โBehold, I and the children God has given me as signs and wonders in Israelโ โ the disciples, dear as children, are the living guarantee that Torah will not be forgotten. Between these stands the prophetโs own credo for an age of eclipse: โI will wait for the Lord who hides His face from the house of Yaakov, and I will hope in Him.โ
The chapter closes with the counterfeit alternative and its price. When they urge you to consult the ovot and yidonim โthat chirp and moanโ โ Rashi hears in the verbs pure derision, bird-noises rather than speech โ the answer is the retort of verse 19: shall not a people inquire of its God? Shall one seek the dead on behalf of the living? Radak spells out the absurdity: the dead know nothing, and the chirping is the handlersโ fraud. Rashi records Rabbi Simonโs tradition that these two verses were prophesied by Beโeri, father of Hoshea, and attached to the book of Yeshayahu because two verses do not make a book. The test of every message is โto the Torah and to the testimonyโ โ a word not spoken from them โhas no dawnโ (ein lo shachar), and the midrash presses the pun: an idol that cannot make dawn rise for itself, having eyes that see not, will hardly make light shine on its petitioners. The final verses walk through the darkness that follows: the hungry man cursing his king and his gods, turning upward too late โ Rashi: after the verdict was sealed โ and looking to the land and finding only โdistress and darkness, gloom of anguish.โ The last verse dates the gloom precisely: the first oppressor โdealt lightly,โ exiling the lands of Zevulun and Naftali; the last โdealt heavilyโ โ Rashi maps the three Assyrian deportations across the years of Achaz and Chizkiyahu, ending with the fall of Shomron โ over the way of the sea, the other side of the Jordan, and glil ha-goyim, the land to which, in Rashiโs etymology, all the nations once rolled in desire. On that darkened region the next chapterโs great light is about to rise.
ืคืจืง ืืณ ยท Chapter 8
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 1
Hebrew:
ืึทืึผึนึคืืึถืจ ืึฐืึนืึธืึ ืึตืึทึื ืงึทืึพืึฐืึธึ ืึผึดืึผึธืึฃืึนื ืึผึธืึืึนื ืึผืึฐืชึนึคื ืขึธืึธืืึ ืึผึฐืึถึฃืจึถื ืึฑื ึืึนืฉื ืึฐืึทืึตึฅืจ ืฉืึธืึธึื ืึธึฅืฉื ืึผึทึฝืื
English:
GOD said to me, โGet yourself a large sheet and write on it in common scriptain common script Meaning of Heb. uncertain. โFor Maher-shalal-hash-bazโ;bMaher-shalal-hash-baz I.e., โPillage hastens, looting speeds,โ indicating that two cities are to be pillaged at an early date; see v. 4.
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 2
Hebrew:
ืึฐืึธืขึดึฃืืึธื ืึผึดึื ืขึตืึดึืื ื ึถืึฑืึธื ึดึืื ืึตึืช ืืึผืจึดืึผึธึฃื ืึทืึผึนืึตึื ืึฐืึถืชึพืึฐืึทืจึฐืึธึืืึผ ืึผึถึฅื ืึฐืึถืจึถืึฐืึธึฝืืึผื
English:
and call reliable witnesses, the priest Uriah and Zechariah son of Jeberechiah, to witness for Me.โ
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 3
Hebrew:
ืึธึฝืึถืงึฐืจึทืึ ืึถืึพืึทื ึผึฐืึดืืึธึื ืึทืชึผึทึืึทืจ ืึทืชึผึตึฃืึถื ืึผึตึืย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ืึทืึผึนึคืืึถืจ ืึฐืึนืึธืึ ืึตืึทึื ืงึฐืจึธึฃื ืฉืึฐืึืึน ืึทืึตึฅืจ ืฉื๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝืึธึื ืึธึฅืฉื ืึผึทึฝืื
English:
I was intimate with the prophetess,cthe prophetess I.e., Isaiahโs wife. and she conceived and bore a son; and GOD said to me, โName him Maher-shalal-hash-baz.dMaher-shalal-hash-baz See note at v. 1.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 4
Hebrew:
ืึผึดึื ืึผึฐืึถึืจึถืึ ืึตืึทึฃืข ืึทื ึผึทึืขึทืจ ืงึฐืจึนึื ืึธืึดึฃื ืึฐืึดืึผึดึื ืึดืฉืึผึธึฃืโื ืึถืชึพืึตึฃืื ืึผึทืึผึถึืฉืึถืง ืึฐืึตืชึ ืฉืึฐืึทึฃื ืฉืึนืึฐืจึืึนื ืึดืคึฐื ึตึื ืึถึฅืึถืึฐ ืึทืฉืึผึฝืึผืจืย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
English:
For before the boy learns to call โFatherโ and โMother,โ the wealth of Damascus and the spoils of Samaria, and the delights of Rezin and of the son of Remaliah,eand the delights of Rezin and of the son of Remaliah Moved up from v. 6 for clarity. shall be carried off before the king of Assyria.โ
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 5
Hebrew:
ืึทืึผึนึฃืกึถืฃ ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึผึทืึผึตึฅืจ ืึตืึทึื ืขึืึนื ืึตืืึนึฝืจื
English:
Again GOD spoke to me, thus:
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 6
Hebrew:
ืึทึืขึทื ืึผึดึคื ืึธืึทืกึ ืึธืขึธึฃื ืึทืึผึถึื ืึตึืช ืึตึฃื ืึทืฉืึผึดืึนึืึท ืึทืึนืึฐืึดึืื ืึฐืึทึื ืึผืึฐืฉืึฅืึนืฉื ืึถืชึพืจึฐืฆึดึืื ืึผืึถืึพืจึฐืึทืึฐืึธึฝืืึผื
English:
โBecause that people has spurnedThe gently flowing waters of Siloamโfflowing waters of Siloam The conduitโand later the tunnelโof Siloam conveyed into Jerusalem the waters of Gihon, which symbolize โGOD of Hosts who dwells on Mount Zionโ (v. 18). For the nature of the rejection see note at 7.13.โ
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 7
Hebrew:
ืึฐืึธืึตึกื ืึดื ึผึตึฃื ืึฒืึนื ึธืึฉ ืึทืขึฒืึถึจื ืขึฒืึตืืึถึื ืึถืชึพืึตึฃื ืึทื ึผึธืึธึืจ ืึธืขึฒืฆืึผืึดืืึ ืึฐืึธึฃืจึทืึผึดึืื ืึถืชึพืึถึฅืึถืึฐ ืึทืฉืึผึืึผืจ ืึฐืึถืชึพืึผืืึพืึผึฐืืึนืึืึน ืึฐืขึธืึธืึ ืขึทืึพืึผืืึพืึฒืคึดืืงึธึืื ืึฐืึธืึทึืึฐ ืขึทืึพืึผืืึพืึผึฐืืึนืชึธึฝืืื
English:
Assuredly,The Sovereign will bring up against themThe mighty, massive waters of the Euphrates,The king of Assyria and all his multitude.It shall rise above all its channels,And flow over all its beds,
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 8
Hebrew:
ืึฐืึธืึทึคืฃ ืึผึดึฝืืืึผืึธืึ ืฉืึธืึทึฃืฃ ืึฐืขึธืึทึืจ ืขึทืึพืฆึทืึผึธึืืจ ืึทืึผึดึืืขึท ืึฐืึธืึธืึ ืึปืึผึฃืึนืช ืึผึฐื ึธืคึธึืื ืึฐืึนึฅื ืจึนืึทืึพืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืึธึ ืขึดืึผึธึฅื ืึผ ืึตึฝืืย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
English:
And swirl through Judah like a flash floodReaching up to the neck.gup to the neck I.e., Judah shall be imperiled, but, in contrast to Aram and Ephraim (v. 4), not destroyed. hSee note at 7.9. But with us is God,Whose wings are spreadAs wide as your land is broad!
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 9
Hebrew:
ืจึนึคืขืึผ ืขึทืึผึดืืึ ืึธืึนึืชึผืึผ ืึฐืึทึฝืึฒืึดึืื ืึผ ืึผึนึื ืึถืจึฐืึทืงึผึตืึพืึธึืจึถืฅ ืึดืชึฐืึทืึผึฐืจึฃืึผ ืึธืึนึืชึผืึผ ืึดึฝืชึฐืึทืึผึฐืจึืึผ ืึธืึนึฝืชึผืึผื
English:
Band together, O peoplesโyou shall be broken!Listen to this, you remotest parts of the earth:Gird yourselvesโyou shall be broken;Gird yourselvesโyou shall be broken!
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 10
Hebrew:
ืขึปึฅืฆืึผ ืขึตืฆึธึื ืึฐืชึปืคึธึืจ ืึผึทืึผึฐืจึคืึผ ืึธืึธืจึ ืึฐืึนึฃื ืึธืงึืึผื ืึผึดึฅื ืขึดืึผึธึื ืึผ ืึตึฝืืย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
English:
Hatch a plotโit shall be foiled;Agree on actionโit shall not succeed.For with us is God!
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 11
Hebrew:
ืึผึดืึฉ ืึนึจื ืึธืึทึงืจ ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึตืึทึื ืึผึฐืึถืึฐืงึทึฃืช ืึทืึผึธึื ืึฐืึดืกึผึฐืจึตึื ึดื ืึดืึผึถึืึถืช ืึผึฐืึถึฅืจึถืึฐ ืึธึฝืขึธืึพืึทืึผึถึื ืึตืืึนึฝืจื
English:
For this is what GOD said to me, upon taking me by the handitaking me by the hand I.e., singling me out; cf. 41.9, 13; 42.6; 45.1; Jer. 31.32 (v. 31 in some editions). and charging me not to walk in the path of that people:
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 12
Hebrew:
ืึนืึพืชึนืืึฐืจึฃืึผื ืงึถึืฉืึถืจ ืึฐืึนึงื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึนืืึทึืจ ืึธืขึธึฅื ืึทืึผึถึื ืงึธึืฉืึถืจ ืึฐืึถืชึพืืึนืจึธืึฅืึน ืึนืึพืชึดึฝืืจึฐืึืึผ ืึฐืึนึฅื ืชึทืขึฒืจึดึฝืืฆืึผื
English:
jThe Heb. forms here and in vv. 13 and 19 are plural to include the disciples (v. 16) and the children (v. 18). โYou must not call conspiracykconspiracy Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields โholyโ; cf. v. 13. All that that people calls conspiracy,lconspiracy See preceding note. Nor revere what it reveres,Nor hold it in awe.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 13
Hebrew:
ืึถืชึพืึฐืึนืึธึฅื ืฆึฐืึธืึืึนืช ืึนืชึฃืึน ืชึทืงึฐืึผึดึืืฉืืึผ ืึฐืึฅืึผื ืืึนืจึทืึฒืึถึื ืึฐืึฅืึผื ืึทืขึฒืจึดึฝืฆึฐืึถึฝืื
English:
None but GOD of HostsShall you account holy;Give reverence to [God] alone,Hold [God] alone in awe.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 14
Hebrew:
ืึฐืึธืึธึื ืึฐืึดืงึฐืึผึธึืฉื ืึผืึฐืึถึฃืึถื ื ึถึ ืึถืฃ ืึผืึฐืฆึจืึผืจ ืึดืึฐืฉืึืึนื ืึดืฉืึฐื ึตึจื ืึธืชึผึตึคื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตืึ ืึฐืคึทึฃื ืึผืึฐืืึนืงึตึืฉื ืึฐืืึนืฉืึตึื ืึฐืจืึผืฉืึธืึธึฝอึดืื
English:
[God] shall become a sanctuary,A stonembecome a sanctuary, / A stone Emendation yields โbe for Godโs holy domain [cf. Ps. 114.2] / A stoneโฆโ people strike against:A rock people stumble overFor the two Houses of Israel,And a trap and a snare for thoseWho dwell in Jerusalem.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 15
Hebrew:
ืึฐืึธึฅืฉืึฐืืึผ ืึธึื ืจึทืึผึดึืื ืึฐื ึธืคึฐืึฃืึผ ืึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืึผึธึืจืึผ ืึฐื ืึนืงึฐืฉืึืึผ ืึฐื ึดืึฐืึผึธึฝืืึผืย {ืค}
English:
The masses shall trip over theseAnd shall fall and be injured,Shall be snared and be caught.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 16
Hebrew:
ืฆึืึนืจ ืชึผึฐืขืึผืึธึื ืึฒืชึฅืึนื ืชึผืึนืจึธึื ืึผึฐืึดืึผึปืึธึฝืื
English:
Bind up the message,Seal the instruction with My disciples.โ
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 17
Hebrew:
ืึฐืึดืึผึดึืืชึดืึ ืึทืืึนืึธึื ืึทืึผึทืกึฐืชึผึดึฅืืจ ืคึผึธื ึธึืื ืึดืึผึตึฃืืช ืึทืขึฒืงึนึื ืึฐืงึดืึผึตึืืชึดืึพืึฝืึนื
English:
So I will wait for GOD, whose face is hidden from the House of Jacob, and in whom I will trust.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 18
Hebrew:
ืึดื ึผึตึฃื ืึธื ึนืึดึื ืึฐืึทืึฐืึธืึดืืึ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ื ึธืชึทืึพืึดึฃื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึฐืึนืชึฅืึนืช ืึผืึฐืืึนืคึฐืชึดึืื ืึผึฐืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึตืขึดืึ ืึฐืึนืึธึฃื ืฆึฐืึธืึืึนืช ืึทืฉืึผึนืึตึื ืึผึฐืึทึฅืจ ืฆึดืึผึฝืึนืืย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
English:
Here stand I and the children GOD has given me as signs and portents in Israel from GOD of Hosts, who dwells on Mount Zion.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 19
Hebrew:
ืึฐืึดึฝืึพืึนืืึฐืจึฃืึผ ืึฒืึตืืึถึื ืึผึดืจึฐืฉืึคืึผ ืึถืึพืึธึฝืึนืืึนืชึ ืึฐืึถืึพืึทืึผึดืึผึฐืขึนื ึดึืื ืึทึฝืึฐืฆึทืคึฐืฆึฐืคึดึืื ืึฐืึทืึผึทืึฐืึผึดึืื ืึฒืืึนืึพืขึทืึ ืึถืึพืึฑืึนืึธึฃืื ืึดืึฐืจึนึืฉื ืึผึฐืขึทึฅื ืึทืึทืึผึดึืื ืึถืึพืึทืึผึตืชึดึฝืืื
English:
Now, should people say to you, โInquire of the ghosts and familiar spirits that chirp and moan; for a people may inquire of its divine beingsndivine beings I.e., the shades of the dead; cf. 1 Sam. 28.13.โof the dead on behalf of the livingโ
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืณ ยท Verse 20
Hebrew:
ืึฐืชืึนืจึธึื ืึฐืึดืชึฐืขืึผืึธึื ืึดืึพืึนึคื ืึนึฝืืึฐืจื๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝึ ืึผึทืึผึธืึธึฃืจ ืึทืึผึถึื ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืึตึฝืืึพืึืึน ืฉืึธึฝืึทืจื
English:
for instruction and message,โ surely, for those who speak thus there shall be no dawn.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 21
Hebrew:
ืึฐืขึธึฅืึทืจ ืึผึธึืึผ ื ึดืงึฐืฉืึถึฃื ืึฐืจึธืขึตึื ืึฐืึธืึธึจื ืึดึฝืึพืึดืจึฐืขึทึื ืึฐืึดืชึฐืงึทืฆึผึทึืฃ ืึฐืงึดืึผึตึงื ืึผึฐืึทืึฐืึผึืึน ืึผืึตืืึนืึธึืื ืึผืคึธื ึธึฅื ืึฐืึธึฝืขึฐืึธืื
English:
oThis sentence would read well after v. 22. And they shall go about in it wretched and hungry; and when they are hungry, they shall rage and revolt against their king and their divine beings. They may turn their face upward
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 22
Hebrew:
ืึฐืึถืึพืึถึืจึถืฅ ืึทืึผึดึืื ืึฐืึดื ึผึตึจื ืฆึธืจึธึคื ืึทึฝืึฒืฉืึตืึธืึ ืึฐืขึฃืึผืฃ ืฆืึผืงึธึื ืึทืึฒืคึตืึธึื ืึฐื ึปืึผึธึฝืื
English:
or they may look below, but beholdDistress and darkness, with no daybreak;pwith no daybreak Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Straitness and gloom, with no dawn.qwith no dawn Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
โถCommentaries (1)
ืคืกืืง ืืดื ยท Verse 23
Hebrew:
ืึผึดึฃื ืึนึฃื ืืึผืขึธืฃึฎ ืึทืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืืึผืฆึธึฃืง ืึธืึผึ ืึผึธืขึตึฃืช ืึธืจึดืืฉืึืึนื ืึตืงึทึื ืึทึคืจึฐืฆึธื ืึฐืึปืืึผืึ ืึฐืึทึฃืจึฐืฆึธื ื ึทืคึฐืชึผึธืึดึื ืึฐืึธืึทืึฒืจึืึนื ืึดืึฐืึผึดึืื ืึผึถึคืจึถืึฐ ืึทืึผึธืึ ืขึตึฃืึถืจ ืึทืึผึทืจึฐืึผึตึื ืึผึฐืึดึืื ืึทืึผืึนืึดึฝืื
English:
For if there were to berif there were to be So 1QIsแต; the others have โthere is not.โ any break of day for that [land] that is in straits, only the former [king] would have brought abasement to the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtaliโwhile the later one would have brought honor to the Way of the Sea, the other side of the Jordan, and Galilee of the Nations.sMeaning of verse uncertain. The rendering here assumes that โthe former [king]โ refers to Pekah and โthe laterโ to Hoshea (cf. 2 Kings 15.29โ30). For the construction luโฆka-สปeth, see Judg. 13.23.
โถCommentaries (1)