Sources and translation notes
Sefer Yonah | Texts used, editions consulted, and editorial decisions
- Biblical text: Hebrew Tanakh, Chapters 1-4. Chapters 2-4 use the Miqra according to the Masorah text supplied by Sefaria, with cantillation removed for this learning edition. English is a direct study translation; differing interpretations are explained in the commentary.
- Radak: the complete commentary on Yonah 1:1-16, 2:1-11, 3:1-10 and 4:1-11. Chapter 1 retains the supplied Hebrew and English, checked against the retrieved Hebrew; Chapters 2-4 use Sefaria’s Hebrew “Radak on Nach”, compared with Wikisource. All new English translations were made for this booklet. Divine-name forms are abbreviated throughout.
- Radak 2:4: the obvious digital typo “haya” in the phrase about the meeting of sea and river is corrected to “hayam”, following Wikisource. Radak’s 2:6 geographical alternatives and 4:6 botanical and medicinal descriptions are translated as historical claims in his commentary. The latter is not a practical remedy.
- Grammatical notes are retained. Nifal is the name of a Hebrew verb pattern; patah and kamatz are vowels; dagesh is the dot within a consonant; milra means stress on the final syllable. Radak 2:9 contrasts meshammerim with a causative sense: here it means keeping, not making others keep. In 3:9 the past-form verb is directed towards the future; in 4:2 the similar-looking word is a participle.
- Chapter 1 supplementary selections: Malbim 1:2, 1:3, 1:5, 1:10-14; Metzudat Tziyon 1:15; Rashi 1:16. A selected passage is translated completely within its printed boundaries. It is not necessarily the commentator’s entire comment on the verse.
- New selections: Rashi 2:1, the passage beginning “A great fish”, excluding the separate parenthetical addition; Rashi 3:4 with the addition explicitly marked as a gloss in the source; full Malbim comments on 3:10 and 4:2. The gloss at Rashi 3:4 is not silently attributed to Rashi himself.
- The Gra page is a sourced secondary overview, not an edition of his Hebrew commentary. The Yom Kippur section prints complete selected passages from Megillah 31a and Mishnah Ta’anit 2:1. Key points, summaries and questions are editorial explanations, distinct from source translation.
Online source texts
- Jonah
- Radak on Jonah
- Malbim on Jonah
- Rashi on Jonah
- Metzudat Zion on Jonah
- Megillah 31a
- Mishnah Taanit 2:1
- Wikisource: Radak, Chapter 2
- Wikisource: Radak, Chapter 3
- Wikisource: Radak, Chapter 4