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Nach YomiIsaiah ยท ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื•Chapter 10

Isaiah 10

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ื™ืณ

Section: ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ยท ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื | Book: Isaiah | Chapter: 10 of 66 | Day: 157 of 742

Date: July 18, 2026

ืงืœืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื ืดืš

Chapter 10 completes one great poem and delivers another. Verses 1-4 are the final strophe of the judgment poem that began in chapter 9, opening with a woe against those who corrupt the machinery of justice itself: โ€˜those who inscribe decrees of iniquityโ€™ (ื”ื—ืงืงื™ื ื—ืงืงื™ ืื•ืŸ). Radak assigns the roles precisely โ€” the judges dictate the perverted verdict and their scribes write it down, so that the entire legal apparatus becomes an instrument for turning the poor away from judgment and making widows and orphans into spoil. Rashi reads the decrees as forged documents. The prophetโ€™s question cuts through the paperwork: โ€˜What will you do on the day of reckoning?โ€™ The wealth amassed through robbery must be abandoned on the road to exile, and God โ€” the only refuge โ€” will not be a refuge for those who used His law against His poor. The strophe closes with the refrain heard three times in chapter 9, now for the last time: โ€˜For all this His anger has not turned back, and His hand is stretched out still.โ€™

Then comes the pivot on which the whole Assyrian drama turns: โ€˜Woe, Assyria, rod of My angerโ€™ (ื”ื•ื™ ืืฉื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืืคื™). Verses 5-19 are among the most theologically consequential in the book, a sustained meditation on the difference between an instrument and an agent. God openly declares that Assyria is His own rod, sent against โ€˜a flattering nationโ€™ โ€” Yisrael, as Rashi identifies โ€” with a defined commission: to take spoil and plunder. โ€˜But he does not deem it soโ€™ (verse 7): Sancheriv does not imagine that the decree is from God; his heart plans to destroy nations not a few, and, as Radak notes, to destroy even Yerushalayim, which was never in his mandate. The prophet lets the king speak for himself in two boast speeches (verses 8-11, 13-14) that are masterpieces of imperial psychology: my princes are the equals of kings; Calno fell like Carchemish, Shomron like Damascus; the idol kingdoms whose images exceeded Yerushalayimโ€™s could not resist me โ€” shall Yerushalayim? By my strength and my wisdom I erased the borders of peoples and gathered all the earth โ€˜as one gathers abandoned eggs, and none fluttered a wing or opened a mouth to peep.โ€™ The retort of verse 15 is one of the sharpest sentences in Tanakh: โ€˜Does the axe boast over the one who hews with it?โ€™ You are merely My axe, Rashi renders Godโ€™s answer, and I am hewing with you. The tool that mistakes itself for the hand has written its own sentence: leanness in his fat ones, and the Light of Israel โ€” the same God who was a great light to the people walking in darkness (9:1) โ€” become a fire that consumes the Assyrian forest in a single day, until the surviving trees are so few โ€˜that a lad can write them down.โ€™ Rashi cites the tradition of Chazal that ten men remained of the whole army.

Verses 20-27 turn from the instrument to the remnant. The phrase โ€˜sheโ€™ar yashuvโ€™ โ€” a remnant shall return โ€” is the name of Yeshayahuโ€™s own son (7:3), now unfolded into prophecy: in that day the survivors of Yaakov will no longer lean upon their smiter but will lean upon Hashem, the Holy One of Israel, โ€˜in truth.โ€™ Radak draws the historical lesson embedded in the wordplay: Achaz leaned on the king of Assyria and was struck by the very power he trusted, while Chizkiyahu leaned on Hashem and was saved. The consolation that follows is addressed directly to โ€˜My people who dwell in Tzionโ€™: do not fear Assyria, who strikes with a rod โ€˜in the way of Mitzrayimโ€™ โ€” like Egypt, an oppressor who afflicts but cannot destroy, and like Egypt, an oppressor whose end is already written. The precedents are named: the smiting of Midian at the rock of Orev, the staff stretched over the sea. And then the promise of verse 27, with its deliberate inversion: normally the yoke wears down the fat of the oxโ€™s neck, but here the yoke itself will be destroyed โ€˜because of fatnessโ€™ (ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืŸ). Rashi cites the beloved teaching of Chazal: the yoke of Sancheriv was broken because of the oil of Chizkiyahu โ€” the lamps burning in the batei knesset and batei midrash where he set an entire generation to the study of Torah.

Verses 28-32 are a tour de force of prophetic drama: the Assyrian march on Yerushalayim rendered as a staccato itinerary through the towns of Binyamin. He has come upon Ayat; he has passed through Migron; at Michmas he deposits his heavy baggage โ€” Radak notes the contempt in the detail, the invader traveling light because Yerushalayim seems hardly worth full equipment. The panic runs ahead of the army from town to town: Ramah trembles, Givat Shaul flees, Bat-Gallim shrieks its warning to Layshah and Anatot, Madmenah scatters. The march ends at Nov, within sight of the holy city: โ€˜yet today he will stand at Nov and wave his hand at the mountain of Bat Tzion.โ€™ Rashi fills in the aggadah: Sancherivโ€™s stargazers told him that if he attacked that very day he would prevail; but looking down at how small Yerushalayim was, he dismissed their counsel and waved his hand in contempt โ€” for a city like this I mustered all these armies? Stay the night; tomorrow each soldier will throw his stone at it. The delay was fatal.

The chapter closes with two verses of felling. The Master, Hashem of Hosts โ€” and Radak presses the title: the king who said โ€˜by the strength of my handโ€™ now meets the true Adon of the hosts above and below โ€” lops off the boughs with terrifying power; the tall are felled, the lofty brought low, and โ€˜the Levanon falls by a mighty one,โ€™ which Rashi identifies as the angel who struck the camp in the night, or, in his alternative reading, the merit of Chizkiyahu. The forest imagery is not ornamental; it is structural. Assyria is a forest cut down never to regrow. And the very next verse of the book (11:1) will answer it: โ€˜A shoot shall come forth from the stump of Yishai.โ€™ The empire felled stays felled; the house of David, cut to a stump, sprouts anew โ€” the contrast on which Yeshayahu builds his entire vision of history.

ืคืจืง ื™ืณ ยท Chapter 10

ืคืกื•ืง ืืณ ยท Verse 1

Hebrew:

ื”ึฅื•ึนื™ ื”ึทื—ึนึฝืงึฐืงึดึ–ื™ื ื—ึดืงึฐืงึตื™ึพืึธึ‘ื•ึถืŸ ื•ึผึฝืžึฐื›ึทืชึผึฐื‘ึดึฅื™ื ืขึธืžึธึ–ืœ ื›ึผึดืชึผึตึฝื‘ื•ึผืƒ

English:

Ha!Those who write out evil writsAnd compose iniquitous documents,

Woe against those who legislate iniquity. Rashi reads ื—ืงืงื™ ืื•ืŸ as forged legal documents; Radak assigns the roles โ€” the judges (ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื) dictate the perverted verdict and their scribes (ื”ื—ื•ืงืงื™ื) write it down, making the whole judicial machinery complicit in the crime.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื—ืงืงื™ ืื•ืŸ. ืฉื˜ืจื™ ืื•ืŸ, ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคื™ืŸ: ื•ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ืŸ (ืฉื”ืž"ื ื—ื™ืจืง ื•ื›"ืฃ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช' ืงืžื•ืฆื”) ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื™:
engravings of injustice Notes of injustice, forged notes. letters Heb. ืžึฐื›ึทืชึผึฐื‘ึดื™ื. This is Arabic, like ืžึดื›ึฐืชึผึธื‘ึดื™ื in Hebrew.

ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืณ ยท Verse 2

Hebrew:

ืœึฐื”ึทื˜ึผึคื•ึนืช ืžึดื“ึผึดื™ืŸึ™ ื“ึผึทืœึผึดึ”ื™ื ื•ึฐืœึดื’ึฐื–ึนึ•ืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทึ–ื˜ ืขึฒื ึดื™ึผึตึฃื™ ืขึทืžึผึดึ‘ื™ ืœึดึฝื”ึฐื™ึคื•ึนืช ืึทืœึฐืžึธื ื•ึนืชึ™ ืฉืึฐืœึธืœึธึ”ื ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื™ึฐืชื•ึนืžึดึ–ื™ื ื™ึธื‘ึนึฝื–ึผื•ึผืƒ

English:

To subvert the cause of the poor,To rob of their rights the needy of My people;That widows may be their spoil,And fatherless children their booty!

The purpose of the crooked documents: to turn the poor away from their rightful judgment and make widows and orphans into plunder. Radak describes the courtroom scene โ€” when the powerful and the weak come before them, the judges favor the rich, so that it is as if the judges themselves despoil the widow and the orphan.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืงืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืœื™' ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื:
To pervert through the false notes, the poor from the legal rights due them.

ืคืกื•ืง ื’ืณ ยท Verse 3

Hebrew:

ื•ึผืžึทึฝื”ึพืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผึ™ ืœึฐื™ึฃื•ึนื ืคึผึฐืงึปื“ึผึธึ”ื” ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืึธึ–ื” ืžึดืžึผึถืจึฐื—ึธึฃืง ืชึผึธื‘ึ‘ื•ึนื ืขึทืœึพืžึดื™ึ™ ืชึผึธื ึฃื•ึผืกื•ึผ ืœึฐืขึถื–ึฐืจึธึ”ื” ื•ึฐืึธึฅื ึธื” ืชึทืขึทื–ึฐื‘ึ–ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ึฐื›ึถึฝืืƒ

English:

What will you do on the day of punishment,When the calamity comes from afar?To whom will you flee for help,And how will you save your carcassesacarcasses Meaning of Heb. uncertain; for โ€œcarcasses,โ€ compare the rendering of kabod in v. 16; 22.18.

The prophet's question: what will you do on the day of reckoning, when calamity comes from afar? Rashi lands the double thrust โ€” God will offer you no help, and the wealth amassed through robbery must be abandoned when you go into exile. Radak identifies the calamity from afar as the king of Assyria.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื™ื•ื ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ืฉื™ืคืงื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืขื•ื ื™ื›ื: ืฉื•ืื”. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ: ืขืœ ืžื™ ืชื ื•ืกื• ืœืขื–ืจื”. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื›': ื•ืื ื” ืชืขื–ื‘ื•. ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืœ ื›ืฉืชืœื›ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืœื”:
for the day of visitation when the Holy One, blessed be He, visits upon you your iniquities. and for the destruction Heb. ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืึธื”, an expression of destruction. To whom will you flee for aid The Holy One, blessed be He, will afford you no aid. and where will you leave all the riches you are accumulating from robbery, when you go into exile?

ืคืกื•ืง ื“ืณ ยท Verse 4

Hebrew:

ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืชึผึดึคื™ ื›ึธืจึทืขึ™ ืชึผึทึฃื—ึทืช ืึทืกึผึดึ”ื™ืจ ื•ึฐืชึทึฅื—ึทืช ื”ึฒืจื•ึผื’ึดึ–ื™ื ื™ึดืคึผึนึ‘ืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ื‡ืœึพื–ึนืืชึ™ ืœึนืึพืฉืึธึฃื‘ ืึทืคึผึ”ื•ึน ื•ึฐืขึ–ื•ึนื“ ื™ึธื“ึฅื•ึน ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธึฝื”ืƒย {ืค}

English:

From collapsing under [fellow] prisoners,From falling beneath the slain?Yet Godโ€™s anger has not turned back,And the divine arm is outstretched still.

The strophe ends with nothing left but to crouch among the prisoners and fall among the slain โ€” outside your own land, as Rashi explains from Targum Yonatan. And the refrain of chapter 9 sounds a final time: 'For all this His anger has not turned back, and His hand is stretched out still.'
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ืจืข ืชื—ืช ืืกื™ืจ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื›ืจืข ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื›ืจื™ืขืช ื”ืžืจื‘ืฅ ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืชื”ื™ื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืจืฆื›ื ืชืืกืจื• ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืจื’ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ืืจืขื›ื•ืŸ ืืกื™ืจื™ืŸ ืชืชืืกืจื•ืŸ: ืชื—ืช. ืžืงื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืฉ ืชื—ืชื™ื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ืดื–:ื›ืดื˜): ื•ืชื—ืช ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื™ืคืœื•. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื™ืคืœื• ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื:
Where he never knelt In the place where none of you ever knelt or lay down, where there was no kneeling to lie down, in that place you shall be prisoners, i.e., to say, outside of your land you shall be imprisoned, and so did Jonathan render: Outside of your land you shall be bound as prisoners. in that place Heb. ืชึผึทื—ึทืช, a place. Comp. (Exodus 16:29) "Let every man stay in his place (ืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื™ื•)." and in that place they will fall slain Heb. ื•ึฐืชึทื—ึทืชื”ึฒืจื•ึผื’ึดื™ื ื™ึดืคึผึนืœื•ึผ, and in that place they will fall slain.

ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืณ ยท Verse 5

Hebrew:

ื”ึฅื•ึนื™ ืึทืฉืึผึ–ื•ึผืจ ืฉืึตึฃื‘ึถื˜ ืึทืคึผึดึ‘ื™ ื•ึผืžึทื˜ึผึถื”ึพื”ึฅื•ึผื ื‘ึฐื™ึธื“ึธึ–ื ื–ึทืขึฐืžึดึฝื™ืƒ

English:

Ha!Assyria, rod of My anger,In whose hand, as a staff, is My fury!bIn whose hand, as a staff, is My fury Emendation yields โ€œWho is a staff in the hand of my fury.โ€

The oracle pivots to the instrument itself: 'Woe, Assyria, rod of My anger.' Rashi hears God's own lament โ€” that He must make Assyria the rod with which to chastise His people; Radak reads it as a summons, God calling the rod to come against the land.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ื•ื™. ื›ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ืืฉื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืืคื™ ืœืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืืช ืขืžื™: ื•ืžื˜ื” ื”ื•ื. ื–ืขืžื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืืฉื•ืจ:
Woe that I made Assyria the rod of My wrath with which to chastise My people. and...a staff is My fury in the hands of the people of Assyria.

ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืณ ยท Verse 6

Hebrew:

ื‘ึผึฐื’ึคื•ึนื™ ื—ึธื ึตืฃึ™ ืึฒืฉืึทืœึผึฐื—ึถึ”ื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทืœึพืขึทึฅื ืขึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดึ–ื™ ืึฒืฆึทื•ึผึถึ‘ื ึผื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืœึนึคืœ ืฉืึธืœึธืœึ™ ื•ึฐืœึธื‘ึนึฃื– ื‘ึผึทึ”ื– (ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•) [ื•ึผืœึฐืฉื‚ื•ึผืžึฅื•ึน] ืžึดืจึฐืžึธึ–ืก ื›ึผึฐื—ึนึฅืžึถืจ ื—ื•ึผืฆึฝื•ึนืชืƒ

English:

I send him against an ungodly nation,I charge him against a people that provokes Me,To take its spoil and to seize its bootyAnd to make it a thing trampledLike the mire of the streets.

God sends Assyria against 'a flattering nation' โ€” Yisrael, as Rashi identifies โ€” with a defined commission: to take spoil, to seize plunder, and to trample. The mandate is chastisement, not annihilation; the limits of the commission become the charge against Assyria in the verses that follow.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื‘ื’ื•ื™ ื—ื ืฃ. ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
Against a hypocritical nation Israel.

ืคืกื•ืง ื–ืณ ยท Verse 7

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผืึ™ ืœึนืึพื›ึตึฃืŸ ื™ึฐื“ึทืžึผึถึ”ื” ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึ–ื•ึน ืœึนืึพื›ึตึฃืŸ ื™ึทื—ึฐืฉืึนึ‘ื‘ ื›ึผึดึšื™ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดึฃื™ื“ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึ”ื•ึน ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทื›ึฐืจึดึฅื™ืช ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ–ื ืœึนึฅื ืžึฐืขึธึฝื˜ืƒ

English:

But he has evil plans,His mind harbors evil designs;For he means to destroy,To wipe out nations, not a few.

But the agent does not think of itself as an agent: 'he does not deem it so.' Rashi explains that Sancheriv does not imagine the decree is from God โ€” his own heart plans to destroy nations not a few. Radak adds that he intends to destroy even Yerushalayim, the small remnant that was never in his commission.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ื”ื•ื. ืกื ื—ืจื‘: ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ืžื”. ืฉื”ื’ื–ืจื” ืžืืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ื•, ื™ื“ืžื” ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืœืข"ื–: ื•ืœื‘ื‘ื• ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืฉืฉืœื—ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ื•ืœื‘ื•ื– ื‘ื– ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ืื•ืชื•:
But he Sennacherib. does not deem it so that the decree is from Me, and that I am sending him. ื™ึฐื“ึทืžึผึถื” koujjder in O.F. (and his heart does not think so that I sent him concerning money, to take plunder and spoils.) but in his heart is the thought to destroy everything with his haughtiness.

ืคืกื•ืง ื—ืณ ยท Verse 8

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดึ–ื™ ื™ึนืืžึทึ‘ืจ ื”ึฒืœึนึฅื ืฉื‚ึธืจึทึ›ื™ ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธึ–ื• ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดึฝื™ืืƒ

English:

For he thinks,โ€œAfter all, I have kings as my captains!cI have kings as my captains! Emendation yields โ€œall the kingdoms fared alike!โ€

The boast begins: 'Are not my princes all kings?' Radak offers two readings โ€” each of his officers commands a nation's worth of troops and is the equal of a king, or his officers are literally the conquered kings of the nations he has subdued.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ื™ ื™ืืžืจ ื•ื’ื•'. ืœื›ืš ื’ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื•:
For he says Therefore, his heart is haughty.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืณ ยท Verse 9

Hebrew:

ื”ึฒืœึนึฅื ื›ึผึฐื›ึทืจึฐื›ึผึฐืžึดึ–ื™ืฉื ื›ึผึทืœึฐื ึ‘ื•ึน ืึดืึพืœึนึคื ื›ึฐืึทืจึฐืคึผึทื“ึ™ ื—ึฒืžึธึ”ืช ืึดืึพืœึนึฅื ื›ึฐื“ึทืžึผึถึ–ืฉื‚ึถืง ืฉืึนืžึฐืจึฝื•ึนืŸืƒ

English:

Was Calno any different from Carchemish?Or Hamath from Arpad?Or Samaria from Damascus?

The roll call of conquests: Calno like Carchemish, Hamath like Arpad, Shomron like Damascus. Radak explains the taunt โ€” all these cities were alike before me, each fell in its turn, and Shomron is no different from the rest.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ืœื ื›ื›ืจื›ืžื™ืฉ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืจื›ืžื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ืœื ื›ืืจืคื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื˜ื ื•ืช ื—ืžืช ืฉืœืงื—ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืืจื ื•ืื ืœื ื›ื“ืžืฉืง ืฉืœืงื—ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืืจื ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืื ืœื ื›ืืจืคื“ ื—ืžืช ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื›ืืจืคื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืช ืœื›ืš ื ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื—:
Is not Calno like Carchemish Just as the inhabitants of Carchemish are princes and governors, so are the inhabitants of Calno. Therefore, if not like Arpad, which is under the rule of Hamath, which I took from Aram, and if not like Damascus, that I took from Aram, so will I do to Samaria. "If not like Arpad of Hamath," is the construct state, like Arpad of Hamath. Therefore, it is voweled with a 'pattach' [i.e., it reads ืึทืจึฐืคึผึทื“ rather than ืึทืจึฐืคึผึธื“].

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืณ ยท Verse 10

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึทึฝืึฒืฉืึถืจึ™ ืžึธืฆึฐืึธึฃื” ื™ึธื“ึดึ”ื™ ืœึฐืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ึนึ–ืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึดึ‘ื™ืœ ื•ึผืคึฐืกึดึฃื™ืœึตื™ื”ึถึ”ื ืžึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึ–อึดื ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึผึนืžึฐืจึฝื•ึนืŸืƒ

English:

Since I was able to seizeThe insignificant kingdoms,Whose images exceededJerusalemโ€™s and Samariaโ€™s,dSince I was able to seize / The insignificant kingdoms, / Whose images exceeded / Jerusalemโ€™s and Samariaโ€™s Emendation yields โ€œSince I was able to seize / those kingdoms and their images, / Why is Jerusalem better than Samaria?โ€

The blasphemous inference: my hand seized the idol kingdoms whose images exceeded those of Yerushalayim and Shomron. Rashi draws out the sting โ€” since the worshippers of images fell and their gods did not save them, Yerushalayim too will not be saved. The king of Assyria sees no difference between the God of Israel and the idols of the nations.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืคืกื™ืœื™ื”ื. ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืจืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืช ืขื›ื•"ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ืœื™ ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ืคืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืคืกื™ืœื™ื”ื ื›ืš ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื ืชื ืฆืœ:
and their graven images were from Jerusalem and from Samaria. From here we deduce that the wicked of Israel supplied all the nations with their images, and "since the worshippers of the graven images of Samaria and Jerusalem fell into my hands, and their graven images did not save them, so will Samaria and Jerusalem not be saved."

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื ยท Verse 11

Hebrew:

ื”ึฒืœึนึ—ื ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึดึ›ื™ืชึดื™ ืœึฐืฉืึนืžึฐืจึ–ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืœึถืึฑืœึดื™ืœึถึ‘ื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผึตึ›ืŸ ืึถืขึฑืฉื‚ึถึฅื” ืœึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึ–อึดื ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒืฆึทื‘ึผึถึฝื™ื”ึธืƒย {ืค}

English:

Shall I not do to Jerusalem and her imagesWhat I did to Samaria and her idols?โ€

The boast reaches its climax: 'Shall I not do to Yerushalayim and her images as I did to Shomron and her idols?' Rashi notes that this is said after the conquest of Shomron โ€” the argument from precedent, with Yerushalayim reduced to merely the next city on the list.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื•'. ื–ืืช ื™ืืžืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ:
as I did to Samaria He shall say this after he conquers Samaria.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื‘ ยท Verse 12

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธึ—ื” ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื™ึฐื‘ึทืฆึผึทึคืข ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ึ™ ืึถืชึพื›ึผื‡ืœึพืžึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึตึ”ื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทึฅืจ ืฆึดื™ึผึ–ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึ‘อึดื ืึถืคึฐืงึนึ—ื“ ืขึทืœึพืคึผึฐืจึดึฝื™ึพื’ึนึ™ื“ึถืœึ™ ืœึฐื‘ึทึฃื‘ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐึพืึทืฉืึผึ”ื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐืขึทืœึพืชึผึดืคึฐืึถึ–ืจึถืช ืจึฅื•ึผื ืขึตื™ื ึธึฝื™ื•ืƒ

English:

But when all of my Sovereignโ€™s purpose has been carried out on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, the majestic pride and overbearing arrogance of the king of Assyria will be punished.ewill be punished Heb. โ€œI will punish.โ€

The divine response: when the Lord completes all His work on Har Tzion and in Yerushalayim, He will punish 'the fruit of the arrogance of the heart of the king of Assyria.' Radak explains the fruit: his proud thought bore fruit in public boasting โ€” 'by the strength of my hand I have done it' โ€” and haughtiness of heart shows itself in the eyes.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ืฆืข ื•ื’ื•'. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื’ืžื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื”ื• ื•ื ืงืžืชื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืงืฆื” ืขืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืื•ืชื” ื™ืจืื” ื™ื›ื ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ ืื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžืœืš ืืฉื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื’ื‘ืจ: ืืคืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ ืžืœืš ืืฉื•ืจ. ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืจื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ ืžืœืš ืืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื”ืœืœ ื‘ื›ื—ื• ืขืœ ืฉืงืจ ืคืจื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืงืจื™ื™ืฉืžื "ืก ื“ื’ืจื ื“ื™ื™"ื ื‘ืœืข"ื– ืฉืœ ืœื‘ ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘: ืชืคืืจืช ืจื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ืขืœ ืฉื ืชืคืืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ืชื•, ืชืคืืจืช ื•ื ื˜ืžื "ื˜ ื‘ืœืข"ื–: ืจื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ื’ืกื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื• ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื' ื’ื‘ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืœื‘ื‘ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืดื:ื”ืณ):
And it shall be, when the Lord completes... But it did not come about as he thought, but, after the Holy One, blessed be He, completes all His work and His vengeance against Israel and against some of the cities of Judea, and because of that fear, the inhabitants of Zion and Jerusalem will be humbled to return to Me, I will let the king of Assyria know that not by his power was he victorious. I will visit retribution upon the increase of the arrogance of the king of Assyria's heart For that which he increased the arrogance of the king of Assyria's heart, to boast of his power falsely. The fruit of the arrogance is craysement de grandeze in O.F., increase of arrogance, of Sennacherib's heart. the boasting of the haughtiness of his eyes Since he boasted with his haughtiness. Boasting is vantance in O.F. haughtiness of his eyes Arrogance, as the matter is stated: (Psalms 101:5) "One who has proud eyes and a haughty heart."

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื’ ยท Verse 13

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืึธืžึทึ—ืจ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนึคื—ึท ื™ึธื“ึดื™ึ™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึดึ”ื™ืชึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ื‡ื›ึฐืžึธืชึดึ–ื™ ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ื ึฐื‘ึปื ึ‘ื•ึนืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืึธืกึดึฃื™ืจโ€‰ื€ ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึนึฃืช ืขึทืžึผึดึ—ื™ื (ื•ืขืชื™ื“ืชื™ื”ื) [ื•ึทืขึฒืชึฝื•ึผื“ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถืึ™] ืฉืื•ึนืฉื‚ึตึ”ืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืื•ึนืจึดึฅื™ื“ ื›ึผึทืื‘ึผึดึ–ื™ืจ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึดึฝื™ืืƒ

English:

For he thought,โ€œBy the might of my hand have I wrought it,By my skill, for I am clever:I have erased the borders of peoples;I have plundered their treasures,And exiled their vast populations.fAnd exiled โ€ฆ populations According to vv. 6โ€“7, Assyria was to plunder, but not to exile.

The boast quoted verbatim: by my strength and my wisdom I removed the borders of peoples and plundered their treasures. Radak unpacks the border image โ€” having conquered all the lands, he erased the boundaries that define separate kingdoms, as though remaking the world as a single empire of Assyria.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ื— ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™. ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ ืœื ืžืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืชื™. ื—ื›ืžืชื™: ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืžืขืžื“ื ื•ืžืฆื‘ื: ื•ืื•ืจื™ื“. ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื™ื ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืชื: ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ืคื•ืœืฉื•ืจ"ืฉ:
For he said, With the strength of my hand I accomplished this None of my might is from the Holy One, blessed be He. I am clever [More exactly,] I have become clever. and their positions Heb. ื•ึทืขึฒืชื•ึผื“ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื, their stand and their position. and I lowered I lowered them from their greatness. many inhabitants Heb. ื›ึผึทืื‘ึผึดื™ืจ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ื, plousors in O.F., several.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื“ ยท Verse 14

Hebrew:

ื•ึทืชึผึดืžึฐืฆึธึจื ื›ึทืงึผึตึคืŸโ€‰ื€โ€‰ื™ึธื“ึดื™ึ™ ืœึฐื—ึตึฃื™ืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดึ”ื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึถึฝืึฑืกึนืฃึ™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืฆึดึฃื™ื ืขึฒื–ึปื‘ึ”ื•ึนืช ื›ึผื‡ืœึพื”ึธืึธึ–ืจึถืฅ ืึฒื ึดึฃื™ ืึธืกึธึ‘ืคึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนึคื ื”ึธื™ึธื”ึ™ ื ึนื“ึตึฃื“ ื›ึผึธื ึธึ”ืฃ ื•ึผืคึนืฆึถึฅื” ืคึถึ–ื” ื•ึผืžึฐืฆึทืคึฐืฆึตึฝืฃืƒ

English:

I was able to seize, like a nest,The wealth of peoples;As one gathers abandoned eggs,So I gathered all the earth:Nothing so much as flapped a wingOr opened a mouth to peep.โ€

The most chilling image of imperial ease: my hand found the wealth of the peoples like a nest, and I gathered all the earth as one gathers abandoned eggs โ€” 'and none fluttered a wing or opened a mouth to peep.' Radak explains: a mother bird beats her wings to defend her nest; these eggs were abandoned โ€” no nation offered even a word of protest.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ืงืŸ. ื›ืงื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืงืจ: ื•ื›ืืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืืกื•ืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขื–ื‘ืชื ืืžื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื: ื ื•ื“ื“ ื›ื ืฃ ื•ืคื•ืฆื” ืคื” ื•ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ. ื›ืœ ื”ืœ' ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื“ื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืŸ ืฆืคืจื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืคืฆืคื• ืขืœื™ื”' ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ืื:
like a nest like nests of ownerless birds. and as one gathers abandoned eggs And as one gathers abandoned eggs which their mother abandoned, and no one protests against him by covering them. and no one moved a wing, or opened his mouth or chirped This entire expression is apropos to birds; since he compared those exiles to a bird's nest and to abandoned eggs, he used this expression, saying that neither the father nor the mother chirped about them.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืดื• ยท Verse 15

Hebrew:

ื”ึฒื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึธืึตืจึ™ ื”ึทื’ึผึทืจึฐื–ึถึ”ืŸ ืขึทึ–ืœ ื”ึทื—ึนืฆึตึฃื‘ ื‘ึผึ‘ื•ึน ืึดืึพื™ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทื“ึผึตึคืœ ื”ึทืžึผึทืฉื‚ึผื•ึนืจึ™ ืขึทืœึพืžึฐื ึดื™ืคึ”ื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื”ึธื ึดึฅื™ืฃ ืฉืึตึ™ื‘ึถื˜ึ™ ื•ึฐืึถืชึพืžึฐืจึดื™ืžึธึ”ื™ื• ื›ึผึฐื”ึธืจึดึฅื™ื ืžึทื˜ึผึถึ–ื” ืœึนืึพืขึตึฝืฅืƒย {ืค}

English:

Does an ax boast over one who hews with it,Or a saw magnify itself above one who wields it?As though the rod raised one who lifts it,As though the staff lifted the person!gthe person Lit. โ€œnot-wood.โ€

The prophet's devastating retort: does the axe boast over the one who hews with it? Does the saw magnify itself over the one who wields it? Rashi renders God's answer โ€” you are merely My axe, and I am hewing with you. The tool that mistakes itself for the hand that holds it has pronounced its own sentence.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ื™ืชืคืืจ ื”ื’ืจื–ืŸ. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืœื”ืชื”ืœืœ ื‘ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ืื™ื ืš ืืœื ื›ื’ืจื–ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืš ื ืคืจืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš ืžืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ืืชื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืคื• ื•ื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื”ืœืœ ืขืœ ืžื ื™ืคื• ืžืฉื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ืจ"ื ื‘ืœืข"ื–: ื›ื”ื ื™ืฃ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืืช ืžืจื™ืžื™ื•. ื›ืืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื ื™ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื™ื“ ื”ืžืจื™ืžื• ื•ื”ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื ื™ืคื• ืืœื ื”ืื“ื: ื›ื”ืจื™ื ืžื˜ื” ืœื ืขืฅ. ืœื ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืจื™ื ืืœื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืจื™ื:
Shall the axe boast The Holy One, blessed be He, says: You should not have boasted about this, since you are merely like My axe, and I am hewing with you; I visit retribution upon My enemies. You are the saw, and I am He Who wields it. Now is it customary for the saw to boast over the one who wields it? ืžึทืฉึผื‚ื•ึนืจ is dolodojjre in O.F., a small axe. It is as though the rod wields those who raise it It is as though the rod was raising [itself and] the hand of him who was raising it. Is it not so that the rod does not wield itself but the man? When the staff is raised, it is not the wood It is not the wood that raises it, but it is the man who raises it.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืดื– ยท Verse 16

Hebrew:

ืœึธึ ื›ึตืŸ ื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทึจื— ื”ึธืึธื“ึœื•ึนืŸ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึงื” ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึ›ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืžึทื ึผึธึ–ื™ื• ืจึธื–ึ‘ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืชึทึงื—ึทืช ื›ึผึฐื‘ึนื“ึ›ื•ึน ื™ึตืงึทึฅื“ ื™ึฐืงึนึ–ื“ ื›ึผึดื™ืงึฅื•ึนื“ ืึตึฝืฉืืƒ

English:

hVerses 16โ€“19 would read well after 9.16 Assuredly,The Sovereign GOD of Hosts will sendA wasting away in itsiits Presumably Israelโ€™s. fatness;And under its bodyjbody Cf. note at v. 3. shall burnA burning like that of fire,Destroying frame and flesh.It shall be like an invalid who pines away.kDestroying frame and flesh. / It shall be like an invalid who pines away Moved up from v. 18 for clarity.

Therefore the Master will send leanness into his fat ones, and beneath his glory a burning like fire. Radak reads the ืžืฉืžื ื™ื as the mighty warriors of the camp, consumed by a burning plague; Metzudat David connects it back to the silent fire of 9:4 โ€” the camp dies by the angel's blow as if consumed by flame, with no battle at all.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืชื—ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ืชื—ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืจืคื™ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื: ื™ืงื“ ื™ืงื•ื“. ื™ืฉืจืฃ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื›ืฉืจื™ืคืช ืืฉ, ื•ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื’ื“ื” ื›ืืŸ ืคืจืข ืœื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืขืฉื” ืฉื ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื›ืฉื›ืกื” ืขืจื•ืช ื ื— ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื–) ื•ื™ืงื— ืฉื ื•ื™ืคืช ื•ื’ื•':
and in the place of his honor Under their clothing they shall be burnt. The garments [are referred to as "his honor" since] they command respect for the man. a burning shall burn A burning shall burn like the burning of fire. The Midrash Aggadah [states]: Here He repaid the children of Shem for the respect Shem showed for his father, when he covered the nakedness of Noah his father, as it is said (Gen. 9:23): "And Shem and Japeth took the garment..."

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื– ยท Verse 17

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธึคื” ืึฝื•ึนืจึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœึ™ ืœึฐืึตึ”ืฉื ื•ึผืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึ–ื•ึน ืœึฐืœึถื”ึธื‘ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึผื‘ึธืขึฒืจึธึ—ื” ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึธึ›ื” ืฉืึดื™ืชึฅื•ึน ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืจึ–ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื™ึฅื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธึฝื“ืƒ

English:

The Light of Israel will be fireAnd its Holy One flame.It will burn and consume its thornsAnd its thistles in a single day,

'The Light of Israel will become a fire, and his Holy One a flame,' consuming Assyria's thorns and briers in a single day. Radak closes the circle with 9:1 โ€” the same God who was the great light to the people walking in darkness is the fire that devours the Assyrian camp. Rashi adds the reading that the Torah Chizkiyahu engaged in became the fire for Sancheriv.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืืฉ ืœืกื ื—ืจื‘: ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื•. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื“"ื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื• ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ: ืฉื™ืชื• ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื•. ืฉืจื™ื• ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•:
the light of Israel The Torah in which Hezekiah engages shall become fire for Sennacherib. and his holy one The Holy One, blessed be He. Alternatively, "And his holy one," refers to the righteous of the generation. his thorns and his worms [They symbolize] his nobles and his heroes.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื— ยท Verse 18

Hebrew:

ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ึคื•ึนื“ ื™ึทืขึฐืจื•ึนึ™ ื•ึฐื›ึทืจึฐืžึดืœึผึ”ื•ึน ืžึดื ึผึถึฅืคึถืฉื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ึพื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธึ–ืจ ื™ึฐื›ึทืœึผึถึ‘ื” ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธึ–ื” ื›ึผึดืžึฐืกึนึฅืก ื ึนืกึตึฝืกืƒ

English:

And the mass of its scrub and its farmland.

The glory of his forest and his farmland is consumed 'from soul to flesh.' Radak notes that this verse bears on the dispute of Chazal about the manner of the camp's death โ€” whether body and soul were burned, or the soul burned while the body remained intact โ€” and suggests the verses can be reconciled if part of the body was burned.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ืขืจื• ื•ื›ืจืžื™ืœื•. ื”ื ืจื‘ื•ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•: ื›ืจืžืœ. ื™ืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”: ื›ืžืกื•ืก ื ื•ืกืก. ืœืคื™ ืฉื“ื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื ืœืขืฆื™ ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืžื” ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืœืขืช ื”ื ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืคื™ื• ื•ื˜ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืขืฅ ื•ืงื•ืจื”ื• ืกืก ื›ืžื• ื›ืฆืžืจ ื™ืื›ืœื ืกืก (ืœืงืžืŸ ื ื): ื›ืžืกื•ืก ื ื•ืกืก. ื›ืžื’ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจืจ: ื›ืžืกื•ืก ื ื•ืกืก. ื›ืžืกื•ืก ืฉืœ ื ื•ืกืก ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื˜ื—ืŸ ื“ืง ื“ืง ืฉื”ืชื•ืœืขืช ื˜ื•ื—ืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืคืจ ื•ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื’ื•ืคืŸ ื“ืง, ืžืกื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื˜ื—ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืคืœ ืข"ื™ ืชื•ืœืขืช, ื ื•ืกืก ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช:
And the glory of his forest and his stately forest They are his numerous armies. ื›ึผึทืจึฐืžึถืœ is a tall forest. as a tree eaten to powder by the worms Since he compared them to forest trees, he compared their retribution to the worm that saws with his mouth and grinds the tree. He called him ืกึธืก, as (infra 51:8): "Like wool, the worm (ืกึธืก) shall devour them." as a tree eaten to powder by the worms As the grinder grinds. as a tree eaten to powder by the worms Heb. ื›ึผึดืžึฐืกึนืก ื ึนืกึตืก, [lit.] as that which is sawed by the sawyer, which is pulverized very finely, which the worm grinds. So fine were the ashes of their burnt bodies. ืžึฐืกึนืก is that which is ground and falls off because of the worm. ื ึนืกึตืก is the worm.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื˜ ยท Verse 19

Hebrew:

ื•ึผืฉืึฐืึธึฅืจ ืขึตึ›ืฅ ื™ึทืขึฐืจึ–ื•ึน ืžึดืกึฐืคึผึธึฃืจ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึ‘ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึทึ–ืขึทืจ ื™ึดื›ึฐืชึผึฐื‘ึตึฝืืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

What trees remain of its scrubShall be so few that a child may record them.

The surviving trees of his forest will be so few 'that a lad can write them down.' Rashi cites the tradition of Chazal that ten men remained of the entire army โ€” a number even the smallest child, who can manage the little letter yud, is able to record.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืฉืืจ ืขืฅ ื™ืขืจื•. ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•: ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื™ื•. ื ื—ื™ื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜ ื”ื ื•ื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืชื‘ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืขืฉืจื” ื ืฉืืจ ืžื”ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื™ื•"ื“ ืงื˜ื ื”:
And the remaining trees of his forest The survivors of his armies. shall be few [lit. a number, i. e.,] easy to count, for they will be few, and a lad will be able to write them, and our Rabbis said that ten remained of them, for there is no small child who cannot write a small 'yud.'

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืณ ยท Verse 20

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธึฃื”โ€‰ื€ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฃื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึ—ื•ึผื ืœึนืึพื™ื•ึนืกึดึจื™ืฃ ืขึœื•ึนื“ ืฉืึฐืึธึคืจ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœึ™ ื•ึผืคึฐืœึตื™ื˜ึทึฃืช ื‘ึผึตึฝื™ืชึพื™ึทืขึฒืงึนึ”ื‘ ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึผึธืขึตึ–ืŸ ืขึทืœึพืžึทื›ึผึตึ‘ื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืขึทึ—ืŸ ืขึทืœึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ›ื” ืงึฐื“ึฅื•ึนืฉื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ื‘ึผึถืึฑืžึถึฝืชืƒ

English:

And in that day,The remnant of IsraelAnd the escaped of the House of JacobShall lean no more upon him that beats it,lupon him that beats it I.e., upon Assyria (see v. 24). Ahazโ€™s reliance on Assyria was interpreted by Isaiah as lack of faith in GOD; see 7.13 with note. But shall lean sincerelyOn GOD, the Holy One of Israel.

The turn to the remnant: in that day the survivors of Yaakov will no longer lean upon their smiter but will lean upon Hashem, the Holy One of Israel, 'in truth.' Radak draws the lesson: Achaz leaned on the king of Assyria and was struck by the very power he trusted โ€” human patrons always exact a price โ€” while Chizkiyahu leaned on Hashem and was saved.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื”ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื›ื”ื•. ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืžืฆืจื™' ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื:
to lean on him that smote them [i.e.,] to lean on the kings of Egypt, who were the first to oppress them.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื ยท Verse 21

Hebrew:

ืฉืึฐืึธึฅืจ ื™ึธืฉืึ–ื•ึผื‘ ืฉืึฐืึธึฃืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนึ‘ื‘ ืึถืœึพืึตึ–ืœ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผึฝื•ึนืจืƒ

English:

Only a remnant shall return,Only a remnant of Jacob,To Mighty God.

'She'ar yashuv' โ€” a remnant shall return, the remnant of Yaakov, to El Gibbor. The phrase is the name of Yeshayahu's own son (7:3), now unfolded as prophecy; Rashi notes that the Mighty God is the One who showed His might against Sancheriv.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ื”ืฉืืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ. ืฉื”ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื ื—ืจื‘:
A remnant shall return The remnant of them shall return to the Holy One, blessed be He. the mighty God Who demonstrated His might against Sennacherib.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื‘ ยท Verse 22

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืึดืึพื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถึžื” ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธึค ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœึ™ ื›ึผึฐื—ึฃื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึธึ”ื ืฉืึฐืึธึ–ืจ ื™ึธืฉืึฃื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึ‘ื•ึน ื›ึผึดืœึผึธื™ึฅื•ึนืŸ ื—ึธืจึ–ื•ึผืฅ ืฉืื•ึนื˜ึตึฅืฃ ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Even if your people, O Israel,Should be as the sands of the sea,Only a remnant of it shall return.Destruction is decreed;Retribution comes like a flood!

Even if Yisrael be as the sand of the sea, only a remnant will return, for destruction is decreed, 'overflowing with righteousness.' Radak reads this of the ten tribes, whose masses went into exile, while the remnant โ€” Yehudah and Binyamin in Chizkiyahu's day โ€” returned to God and was saved; Rashi reads the flood in reverse โ€” the returning remnant washes away the decreed destruction through its righteousness.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืžืš. ืœื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืžืš ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืืจ ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืชืฉื˜ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืจื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืขื›ื‘ื ื• ืžืœื‘ื ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉื™ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”:
For if your people The prophet says to Hezekiah, If your people are like the sand of the sea, the remnant of them that return to do good, will wash away the destruction sentenced to come upon them, and prevent it from coming, through the righteousness with which they will behave.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื’ ยท Verse 23

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดึฅื™ ื›ึธืœึธึ–ื” ื•ึฐื ึถื—ึฑืจึธืฆึธึ‘ื” ืึฒื“ึนื ึธึคื™ ื™ึฑื”ึนื•ึดื”ึ™ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึ”ื•ึนืช ืขึนืฉื‚ึถึ–ื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึถึฅืจึถื‘ ื›ึผื‡ืœึพื”ึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅืƒย {ืค}

English:

For my Sovereign GOD of Hosts is carrying outA decree of destruction upon all the land.

The decree is final: a full and determined end will the Lord execute in the midst of all the land. Rashi turns the verse toward the survivors โ€” you will see what God does to the wicked, and humble yourselves and return to Him.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ื™ ื›ืœื” ื•ื ื—ืจืฆื”. ืชืจืื• ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื•ืฉื” (ื“ื™ืŸ) ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ืขื• ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ืืœื™ื•:
For destruction and annihilation you shall see that the Holy One, blessed be He, executes upon the wicked, and you shall humble yourselves and return to Him.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื“ ยท Verse 24

Hebrew:

ืœึธื›ึตึ—ืŸ ื›ึผึนึฝื”ึพืึธืžึทึžืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธึคื™ ื™ึฑื”ึนื•ึดื”ึ™ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึ”ื•ึนืช ืึทืœึพืชึผึดื™ืจึธึฅื ืขึทืžึผึดึ›ื™ ื™ึนืฉืึตึฅื‘ ืฆึดื™ึผึ–ื•ึนืŸ ืžึตืึทืฉืึผึ‘ื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึทืฉืึผึตึฃื‘ึถื˜ ื™ึทื›ึผึถึ”ื›ึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึทื˜ึผึตึฅื”ื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึผึธึฝืึพืขึธืœึถึ–ื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึถึฅืจึถืšึฐ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝื™ึดืืƒ

English:

Assuredly, thus said my Sovereign GOD of Hosts: โ€œO My people that dwells in Zion, have no fear of Assyria, who beats you with a rod and wields his staff over you as did the Egyptians.

The consolation begins: 'My people who dwell in Tzion, do not fear Assyria' โ€” he strikes with the rod and lifts his staff 'in the way of Mitzrayim.' Radak explains the analogy precisely: like Egypt, Assyria oppresses with blows and crushing taxes โ€” the three hundred talents of silver laid on Yerushalayim โ€” but does not destroy; and like Egypt, the oppressor's own end is already written.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื›ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ืืœื™ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• (ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื›ืŸ. ืœ' ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช). ื›ื” ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ืชื™ืจื ืžืืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื›ื›ื”. ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืคื™ื• ื™ื—ืจืฃ ื•ื™ื’ื“ืฃ ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ืฉืงื”: ื•ืžื˜ื”ื• ื™ืฉื ืขืœื™ืš. ืœืื™ื™ื ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื›ื›ื” ืืฉืจ ืขื“ ื”ื ื” ื”ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ื”ื•ืจื’ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืขืœื™ืš ืžื˜ื”ื• ื•ืื™ืžืชื• ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืจ' ืžื ื—ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ:
Therefore Since I know that Hezekiah and his company will return to Him. [Aternatively, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ is an expression of an oath. ืœึธื›ึตืŸ indeed.] so said the Lord... Fear not,...Assyria; with a rod may he smite you With the "rod" of his mouth will he insult and deride you through Rabshakeh. and his staff may he bear over you to frighten you, the way he did to Egypt. It may alternatively be explained: With a rod does he smite you[i.e.,] who has smitten you until now with a rod and has become accustomed to bearing his staff and his fright over you as the Egyptians did. Rabbi Joseph told me this in the name of Rabbi Menahem.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื” ยท Verse 25

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดื™ึพืขึ–ื•ึนื“ ืžึฐืขึทึฃื˜ ืžึดื–ึฐืขึธึ‘ืจ ื•ึฐื›ึธึฃืœึธื” ื–ึทึ”ืขึทื ื•ึฐืึทืคึผึดึ–ื™ ืขึทืœึพืชึผึทื‘ึฐืœึดื™ืชึธึฝืืƒ

English:

For very soon My wrath will have spent itself, and My anger that was bent on wasting them.โ€mMy anger that was bent on wasting them Presumably Assyria; meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields โ€œMy anger against the world shall cease.โ€

'For yet a very little while, and the fury will be spent.' Rashi closes the loop with verse 5: the ื–ืขื placed as a staff in Assyria's hand will run out, and God's anger will turn against 'their blasphemy' โ€” the insults hurled at Heaven by the servants of the king of Assyria.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“. ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื–ืขืจ ื•ื›ืœื”, ื”ื–ืขื ืฉืœื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืืฉื•ืจ ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื ื–ืขืžื™: ื•ืืคื™. ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชื‘ืœื™ืชื ืœ' ืชื‘ืœ ืขืฉื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ืณ:ื™ืดื‘) ืขืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืคื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื’ื“ืคื• ื ืขืจื™ ืžืœืš ืืฉื•ืจ ืื•ืชื™:
For [in] yet very few days...the fury shall be over My fury, which was given as a staff into the hand of Assyria, as he said above, "And My fury is a staff in his hands" (v. 5). and My wrath that became a rod, shall return because of their blasphemy Heb. (ืขึทืœ-ืชึผึทื‘ึฐืœึดื™ืชึธื). Comp. (Lev. 20:12) "they have committed a disgrace (ืชึผึถื‘ึถืœ)," i.e., because of the insults and blasphemies which the servants of the king of Assyria blasphemed Me.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื• ยท Verse 26

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืจึตึจืจ ืขึธืœึธึœื™ื• ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึคื” ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืชึ™ ืฉืึ”ื•ึนื˜ ื›ึผึฐืžึทื›ึผึทึฅืช ืžึดื“ึฐื™ึธึ–ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึฃื•ึผืจ ืขื•ึนืจึตึ‘ื‘ ื•ึผืžึทื˜ึผึตึ™ื”ื•ึผึ™ ืขึทืœึพื”ึทื™ึผึธึ”ื ื•ึผื ึฐืฉื‚ึธืึ–ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื“ึถึฅืจึถืšึฐ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝื™ึดืืƒ

English:

GOD of Hosts will brandish a scourge over AssyrianAssyria Heb. โ€œhim.โ€ as when Midian was beaten at the Rock of Oreb,owhen Midian was beaten at the Rock of Oreb See Judg. 7.25. and will wield a staff [over him] as was done to the Egyptians by the sea.

The scourge over Assyria will be 'like the smiting of Midian at the rock of Orev, and like His staff over the sea.' Radak notes the escalation โ€” Assyria struck with a rod, but God strikes with a shot, a scourge harsher than a rod โ€” and both precedents share the pattern: the camp destroyed in a night, and the fleeing leader slain afterward, like Orev after Midian's rout and Pharaoh's host at the sea.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืขื•ืจืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืขืœื™ื•: ืฉื•ื˜. ืžื›ืช ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ: ื›ืžื›ืช ืžื“ื™ืŸ. ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื—ื• ืžื”ื ื•ื ืžืœื˜ื• ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืจื‘ ื›ื“ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืืฃ ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฆื• ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื‘: ื•ืžื˜ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืžื˜ื”ื• ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืขื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•: ื•ื ืฉืื•. ื•ื˜ื™ืœื˜ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื ืฉื ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื:
And...shall stir up against him And to stir up. a scourge A tortuous blow. like the smiting of Midian who were slain in one night, and as for the kings who fled from them and escaped, Oreb was slain at the Rock of Oreb, and is related in the Book of Judges (7:25). This one, too, after he returns to his land, will die there by the sword. and his staff on the sea And furthermore, He shall stir up against him, His staff, which was on the sea against Pharaoh and his army. and He shall carry him off And He shall carry him away from the world after the manner that He carried off Egypt.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื– ยท Verse 27

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธึฃื”โ€‰ื€ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฃื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึ—ื•ึผื ื™ึธืกึคื•ึผืจ ืกึปื‘ึผึณืœื•ึนึ™ ืžึตืขึทึฃืœ ืฉืึดื›ึฐืžึถึ”ืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึปืœึผึ–ื•ึน ืžึตืขึทึฃืœ ืฆึทื•ึผึธืืจึถึ‘ืšึธ ื•ึฐื—ึปื‘ึผึทึฅืœ ืขึนึ–ืœ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ึพืฉืึธึฝืžึถืŸืƒ

English:

And in that day,His burden shall drop from your back,And his yoke from your neck;The yoke shall be destroyed because of fatness.

In that day the burden and the yoke will be broken 'because of fatness.' Rashi cites the beloved teaching of Chazal: the yoke of Sancheriv was destroyed because of the oil of Chizkiyahu โ€” the lamps burning in the batei knesset and batei midrash where he set the people to Torah. Radak notes the deliberate inversion: normally the yoke wears down the fat of the ox's neck; here the fatness breaks the yoke.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืœ ืขื•ืœ. ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื— ืœื“ื•ืจื• ื›ืฉืžืŸ, ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื™' ื“ื•ืœืง ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ืื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื• ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื•ื’ื•' (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื”):
and the yoke shall be destroyed The yoke of Sennacherib shall be destroyed because of Hezekiah, who was mild to his generation, as oil. Our Rabbis, however, explained [that Sennacherib's yoke would be destroyed] because of Hezekiah's oil which burnt in the synagogues and in the study-halls, for he persuaded them to engage in Torah, after the matter that is written (Proverbs 25: 1): "Which the men of Hezekiah strengthened."

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื— ยท Verse 28

Hebrew:

ื‘ึผึธึฅื ืขึทืœึพืขึทื™ึผึทึ–ืช ืขึธื‘ึทึฃืจ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดื’ึฐืจึ‘ื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐืžึดื›ึฐืžึธึ–ืฉื‚ ื™ึทืคึฐืงึดึฅื™ื“ ื›ึผึตืœึธึฝื™ื•ืƒ

English:

He advanced upon Aiath,pAiath Elsewhere called Ai. He proceeded to Migron,At Michmas he deposited his baggage.

The famous itinerary begins: the Assyrian advance through the heights of Binyamin โ€” 'he has come upon Ayat, passed through Migron, at Michmas he deposits his baggage.' Radak explains the last detail: he leaves his heavy equipment behind to move faster, so lightly does he rate the conquest of Yerushalayim.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื‘ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืช. ืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืกืขื•ืช ืฉื ืกืข ืกื ื—ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื ืขืœ ืขืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืคืœืชื• ืขื™ืช ืžื’ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ืžืฉ ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฉื” ืขื ืชื•ืช ืžื“ืžื ื” ื’ื‘ื™ื. ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ:
He came upon Aiath He goes on to enumerate the travels which Sennacherib traveled when he came upon the cities of Judah, to come to Jerusalem, on the day of his downfall: Aiath, Migron, Michmas, Ramah, Gib'ath Saul, Bath-galim, Laishah, Anathoth, Madmenah, and Gebim. They are all places.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื˜ ยท Verse 29

Hebrew:

ืขึธึฝื‘ึฐืจื•ึผึ™ ืžึทืขึฐื‘ึผึธืจึธึ”ื” ื’ึผึถึ–ื‘ึทืข ืžึธืœึฃื•ึนืŸ ืœึธึ‘ื ื•ึผ ื—ึธึฝืจึฐื“ึธื”ึ™ ื”ึธืจึธืžึธึ”ื” ื’ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึทึฅืช ืฉืึธืึ–ื•ึผืœ ื ึธึฝืกึธื”ืƒ

English:

They made the crossing;โ€œGeba is to be our night quarters!โ€qAnd his yoke โ€ฆ night quarters Emendation yields โ€œAnd his yoke shall leave your neck. / He came up from Jeshimon / 28By the ascent of Aiath, / He proceeded to Migron; / At Michmas he commanded his forces: / 29โ€˜Make the crossing; / Geba is to be our night quarters!โ€™โ€ Jeshimon is the southeast corner of the Jordan Valley, Num. 21.20; 23.28. Ramah was alarmed;Gibeah of Saul took to flight.

The panic spreads ahead of the army: they cross the pass and camp at Geva; Ramah trembles, Givat Shaul flees. Radak notes that the towns stand for their people โ€” 'Ramah trembled' means the inhabitants of Ramah trembled โ€” and identifies the string of Binyaminite towns along the invasion route.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื ื•. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื”: ื ืกื”. ื‘ืจื—ื” ื‘ืจื—ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•:
they lodged Heb. ืœึธื ื•ึผ, an expression of lodging. Gib'ath Saul fled Fled, they all fled because of his armies.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืณ ยท Verse 30

Hebrew:

ืฆึทื”ึฒืœึดึฅื™ ืงื•ึนืœึตึ–ืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทืชึพื’ึผึทืœึผึดึ‘ื™ื ื”ึทืงึฐืฉืึดึฅื™ื‘ึดื™ ืœึทึ–ื™ึฐืฉืึธื” ืขึฒื ึดื™ึผึธึฅื” ืขึฒื ึธืชึฝื•ึนืชืƒ

English:

โ€œGive a shrill cry, O Bath-gallim!Hearken, Laishah!Take up the cry, Anathoth!โ€

The warning cry runs from town to town: 'Shriek aloud, Bat-Gallim! Listen, Layshah! Answer, poor Anatot!' Rashi reads the chain as alarm signals โ€” raise your voice to warn the people; hear the shofar-blast and flee.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืฆื”ืœื™ ืงื•ืœืš. ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืœืขื: ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ ืœื™ืฉื”. ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ื‘ืจื—ื• ืœื›ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื” ืขื ืชื•ืช:
Raise your voice to warn the people. Hearken, Laishah to the sound of the shofar and flee, and so, Aniah Anathoth.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื ยท Verse 31

Hebrew:

ื ึธึฝื“ึฐื“ึธึ–ื” ืžึทื“ึฐืžึตื ึธึ‘ื” ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตึฅื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึตื‘ึดึ–ื™ื ื”ึตืขึดึฝื™ื–ื•ึผืƒ

English:

Madmenah ran away;The dwellers of Gebim sought refuge.

Madmenah scatters; the inhabitants of Gevim gather themselves to flee. Rashi notes that Chazal in the aggadah expounded this whole passage differently, fixing the marches at ten, while Targum Yonatan renders all the names as real places on the map.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ืขื™ื–ื•. ื ืืกืคื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื—, ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื“ืจืฉื• ืฆื”ืœื™ ืงื•ืœืš ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืื’ื“ืช ื—ืœืง ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฉืจ ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืชื™ืจื’ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•':
gathered Assembled to flee. Our Rabbis, however, expounded, "Raise your voice, Bath-Gallim," and the entire verse in a different manner in the Aggadah of "Chelek," and they set the number of travels at ten. But, Jonathan rendered them all as names of places.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื‘ ยท Verse 32

Hebrew:

ืขึฅื•ึนื“ ื”ึทื™ึผึ–ื•ึนื ื‘ึผึฐื ึนึฃื‘ ืœึทืขึฒืžึนึ‘ื“ ื™ึฐื ึนืคึตึคืฃ ื™ึธื“ื•ึนึ™ ื”ึทึฃืจ (ื‘ื™ืช) [ื‘ึผึทืชึพ]ืฆึดื™ึผึ”ื•ึนืŸ ื’ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึทึ–ืช ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึฝอึดืืƒย {ืค}

English:

This same day at NobHe shall stand and wave his hand.rI.e., the Assyrian king, arriving at Nob (close to Jerusalem), shall beckon his army onward; cf. 13.2. O mount of Fair Zion!O hill of Jerusalem!

The march ends at Nov, within sight of the city: 'yet today he will stand at Nov and wave his hand at the mountain of Bat Tzion.' Rashi fills in the aggadah: his stargazers told him that if he attacked that very day he would prevail; but seeing how small Yerushalayim was, he dismissed their counsel and waved his hand in contempt โ€” for a city like this I mustered all these armies? Stay the night. The delay was fatal.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื‘ ืœืขืžื•ื“. ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื” ื ืชืœื‘ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื• ืื™ืฆื˜ื’ื ื™ื ื™ื• ืื ืชืœื—' ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืชื›ื‘ืฉื ' ื•ื›ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืื” ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื” ืœื ื—ืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื’ื ื™ื ื™ื• ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ืฃ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื’ืื•' ื•ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืขื™ืจ ื›ื–ื• ื”ืจื’ื–ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื™ื ื• ืคื” ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœืžื—ืจ ื™ืฉืœื™ืš ื‘ื” ืื™ืฉ ืื‘ื ื•: ื”ืจ. ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืจ ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ:
Still today, [he intends] to stand in Nob All this way he hastened, in order to stand in Nob while it is still day, since his stargazers told him, If you attack it today, you will conquer it. And, when he stood in Nob and saw that Jerusalem was small, he did not heed the words of his stargazers and began to wave his hand arrogantly: For a city like this have I mustered all these armies? Stay here overnight, and tomorrow, each one will cast his stone upon it.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื’ ยท Verse 33

Hebrew:

ื”ึดื ึผึตึคื” ื”ึธืึธื“ื•ึนืŸึ™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฃื” ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึ”ื•ึนืช ืžึฐืกึธืขึตึฅืฃ ืคึผึปืืจึธึ–ื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืจึธืฆึธึ‘ื” ื•ึฐืจึธืžึตึคื™ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืžึธื”ึ™ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึผืขึดึ”ื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ึนื”ึดึ–ื™ื ื™ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธึฝืœื•ึผืƒ

English:

Lo! The Sovereign GOD of HostsWill hew off the tree-crowns with an ax:The tall ones shall be felled,The lofty ones cut down:

The answer to the waving hand: the Master, Hashem of Hosts, lops off the boughs with terrifying power; the tall are felled, the lofty brought low. Radak presses the title โ€” the king who said 'by the strength of my hand' now meets the true Adon, master of the hosts above and below, who fells his forest of princes.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ื ื” ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื: ืžืกืขืฃ ืคืืจื” ื‘ืžืขืจืฆื”. ื™ืคืฉื— ืคืืจื•ืชื™ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ืคื™ ืื™ืœื ื•ืชื™ื•: ื‘ืžืขืจืฆื”. ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืฆืฅ ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื” ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ืช ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื•ื™"ื• ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืจื” ื“ืจื›ืชื™ (ืœืงืžืŸ ืก"ื’) ื•ื›ืžื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื—ืžืฉื™ื ืคื•ืจื” (ื—ื’ื™ ื‘ืณ:ื˜ืดื–) ืืœื ื‘ืืœ"ืฃ ื›ืžื• ื•ืชืืจื›ื ื” ืคืื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœืดื:ื”ืณ) ื•ืžืกืขืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืงืฆืฅ ืขื ืคื™ื ืื™ืฉื‘ืจื ืงื™ื™"ืจ ื‘ืœืข"ื– ื›ืžื• ื•ื›ืœื” ืกืขื™ืคื™ื” (ืœืงืžืŸ ื›ื–) ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื” ืคื•ืจื™ื” (ืœืงืžืŸ ื™ื–): ื‘ืžืขืจืฆื”. ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืจืฅ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื: ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืงื•ืžื”. ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ื: ื’ื“ื•ืขื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืข ื ื•ืคืœ ืืœื ื‘ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื”:
Behold the Master on that night. lops off the branches with a saw Shall lop off its branches, the root of the branches of his trees. ([Mss. read:] Uproots the branches of his trees.) ([Other mss. read:] Cuts off the branches of his trees.) with a saw Heb. ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืจึธืฆึธื”, with a saw that cuts the boughs. This [word ืคึผึปืืจึธื”] is not an expression denoting a winepress, for it is not spelled with a 'vav,' like (infra 63: 3) "A winepress (ืคึผื•ึผืจึธื”) I trod," and like (Haggai 2:16) "To draw off fifty measures from the winepress (ืคึผื•ึผืจึธื”)," but with an 'aleph,' like (Ezekiel 31:5) "And its boughs became long (ืคึผึนืืจึนืชึธื™ื•)." ืžึฐืกึธืขึตืฃ is an expression of cutting off branches [esbranchier in O.F.], like (infra 27:10) "And he will destroy its branches (ืกึฐืขึดื™ืคึถื™ื”ึธ), and (infra 17:6) "On its branches (ื‘ึผึดืกึฐืขึดื™ืคึถื™ื”ึธ) the fruitful one." with a saw Heb. ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืจึธืฆึธื”, with an implement of destruction, which breaks them. and those of lofty height [This alludes to] the heroes. are hewn down The expression of hewing is apropos only to trees and hard things.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื“ ยท Verse 34

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื ึดืงึผึทึ›ืฃ ืกึดึฝื‘ึฐื›ึตึฅื™ ื”ึทื™ึผึทึ–ืขึทืจ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึทืจึฐื–ึถึ‘ืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึผึฐื‘ึธื ึ–ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืึทื“ึผึดึฅื™ืจ ื™ึดืคึผึฝื•ึนืœืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

The thickets of the forest shall be hacked away with iron,And the Lebanon trees shall fall in their majesty.sin their majesty Or โ€œby the bronze,โ€ connecting Heb. สผaddir with Akkadian urudu, โ€œbronze.โ€

The thickets of the forest are cut down with iron, 'and the Levanon falls by a mighty one.' Rashi identifies the mighty one as the angel who struck the camp โ€” or, in his alternative reading, the merit of Chizkiyahu, the mighty one of Israel. In one night the entire oracle that began at verse 5 is executed.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ื ืงืฃ. ืืฃ ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงืฆื™ืฆื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื ื•ืงืฃ ื–ื™ืช ื•ื ืงืฃ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื ืคืขืœ: ืกื‘ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขืจ. ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื: ื•ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื™ืขืจื• ื•ื›ืจืžื™ืœื• ื”ืŸ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•: ื‘ืื“ื™ืจ ื™ืคื•ืœ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืืš ื™ืคืœื•, ื“"ื ื‘ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื™ืจื ื•ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ืืž' ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื™ืจื• ืžืžื ื• (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœืณ:ื›ืดื):
And...shall be cut off Heb. ื•ึฐื ึดืงึผึทืฃ. This, too, is an expression of cutting, as (ibid.) "Like one who cuts off olives (ื›ึผึฐื ึนืงึถืฃ)." ื•ึฐื ึดืงึผึทืฃ is in the passive voice. the thickets of the forests The prominent branches, symbolizing the heroes. and the Lebanon The thickness of his forest and his stately forest. They are the multitudes of his armies. shall fall through a mighty one Through an angel they shall fall. Alternatively, through a mighty one, in the merit of Hezekiah who is the mighty one and the rulers of Israel, as it is said (Jer. 30:21): "And their leader shall be of themselves."

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