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Jeremiah 49

ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ืžืดื˜

Section: ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ยท ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื | Book: Jeremiah | Chapter: 49 of 52 | Day: 262 of 742

Date: October 31, 2026

ืงืœืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื ืดืš

Chapter 49 gathers five short prophecies against Israelโ€™s neighbours: Ammon, Edom, Damascus, the desert tribes of Kedar and Chatzor, and far-off Eilam. It continues the run of prophecies against the nations that began in chapter 46 with Egypt, the Philistines and Moav. The next two chapters turn to Bavel itself, the empire that carries out most of these judgments. Taken together, the five prophecies say one thing: no nation in the region is beyond Godโ€™s reach.

Ammonโ€™s prophecy opens with a pointed question: โ€œHas Israel no sons? Has he no heir?โ€ (49:1). Radak explains the background. When the tribes of Gad and Reuven were carried into exile, Ammon moved into their empty land, as if the owners were gone for good and would never come back. Godโ€™s answer is that Ammonโ€™s capital, Rabbah, will become a ruined mound, and in time โ€œIsrael shall dispossess those who dispossessed himโ€ (49:2). Taking the land of an exiled people is treated as theft, not as an empty space waiting to be filled.

Edom gets the longest section, and much of it echoes the prophet Ovadiah almost word for word. Edom was proud of its wise men in Teman and its strongholds high in the rocks. Yet its wisdom has โ€œgone staleโ€ (49:7), even a nest as high as the eagleโ€™s will not save it (49:16), and its land will be left as empty as Sodom (49:18). The sharpest line is about the cup of judgment: if nations who did not deserve to drink it must drink, how can Edom go free? (49:12). Radak on that verse explains that the other nations were strangers to Israel, but Edom was Esav, Yaakovโ€™s brother, who should have helped him and instead joined the attack.

The short prophecies that follow each have their own picture. Damascus, once the โ€œcitadel of my joyโ€, now trembles like a woman in labour (49:24-25). Kedar and Chatzor are desert nomads who live โ€œaloneโ€, with no gates and no bars (49:31). They feel safe because nobody has ever bothered them out in the open desert. But to Nevuchadnetzar, a people with no defences is simply easy plunder, and their camels and flocks are carried off as spoil (49:32).

The last prophecy is against Eilam, a nation far to the east beyond Bavel, and it is dated to the start of Tzidkiyahuโ€™s reign (49:34). God will break Eilamโ€™s famous bow and scatter its people to the four winds. Then comes a striking phrase: โ€œI will set My throne in Eilamโ€ (49:38). Radak cites Chazal, who read this as a hint at the Purim story. Shushan lay in Eilam, and there Vashti, and later Haman and his sons, fell while God quietly worked to save His people in exile.

Notice how the chapter ends. Ammon is promised that its captives will return โ€œafterwardโ€ (49:6), and Eilam โ€œin the days to comeโ€ (49:39). Edom, Damascus and Kedar receive no such promise. Judgment is real, but for some nations it is not the last word. The next chapter turns to Bavel, the great power behind all these upheavals, and its own turn to drink from the cup.

ืคืจืง ืžืดื˜ ยท Chapter 49

ืคืกื•ืง ืืณ ยท Verse 1

Hebrew:

ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตึฃื™ ืขึทืžึผึ—ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึนึšื” ืึธืžึทึฃืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ื”ึฒื‘ึธื ึดึฅื™ื ืึตื™ืŸึ™ ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ืึดืึพื™ื•ึนืจึตึ–ืฉื ืึตึฃื™ืŸ ืœึ‘ื•ึน ืžึทื“ึผึ—ื•ึผืขึท ื™ึธืจึทึคืฉื ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืึ™ ืึถืชึพื’ึผึธึ”ื“ ื•ึฐืขึทืžึผึ–ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืขึธืจึธึฅื™ื• ื™ึธืฉืึธึฝื‘ืƒ

English:

Concerning the Ammonites. Thus said GOD: Has Israel no sons, Has he no heir? Then why has Milcom dispossessed Gad, And why have his people settled in Gadโ€™s towns?

The prophecy against Ammon opens with a pointed question: has Israel no heirs, that Ammon's god Milcom should take over the land of Gad? Radak explains that when Gad and Reuven went into exile, Ammon moved into their territory, perhaps even building a royal city there. Rashi notes that Malcam is the name of Ammon's idol.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื™"ืช ืจืคื” ื•ื”"ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคืชื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืœ' ืชืžื™ื”ื”: ืžืœื›ื. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ืžืœื›ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื›"ื’) ื•ืœืžืœื›ื ืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ:
Has Israel no sons? The 'beth' is weak [without a 'dagesh'], and the 'heh' is vowelized with a 'hataph-pattah,' which is an expression of wonder [interrogative]. Malcam The deity of the children of Ammon is named Malcam, as it is stated: "And to Milcom, the abomination of the children of Ammon" (II Kings 23:13), an expression of ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ, a king.

ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืณ ยท Verse 2

Hebrew:

ืœึธื›ึตึกืŸ ื”ึดื ึผึตื”ึฉ ื™ึธืžึดึจื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึดึœื™ื ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ—ื” ื•ึฐึ ื”ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืขึฐืชึผึดึ ื™ ืึถืœึพืจึทื‘ึผึทึจืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ึพืขึทืžึผึœื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืขึทึฃืช ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธึ—ื” ื•ึฐื”ึธึฝื™ึฐืชึธื”ึ™ ืœึฐืชึตึฃืœ ืฉืึฐืžึธืžึธึ”ื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึนืชึถึ–ื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึธืึตึฃืฉื ืชึผึดืฆึผึทึ‘ืชึฐื ึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึทึงืฉื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ›ืœ ืึถืชึพื™ึนืจึฐืฉืึธึ–ื™ื• ืึธืžึทึฅืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Assuredly, days are coming โ€”declares GODโ€” When I will sound the alarm of war Against Rabbah of the Ammonites; It shall become a desolate mound, And its villages shall be set on fire. And Israel shall dispossess Those who dispossessed him โ€”said GOD.

Because Ammon seized Gad's land, war will reach its own capital, Rabbah, which will become a desolate mound with its villages burned. The verse ends with a reversal: Israel will one day dispossess those who dispossessed him. Radak and Metzudat David both note that this last promise looks beyond Nevuchadnetzar's time to a future era.

ืคืกื•ืง ื’ืณ ยท Verse 3

Hebrew:

ื”ึตื™ืœึดึจื™ืœึดื™ ื—ึถืฉืึฐื‘ึผึœื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืฉืึปื“ึผึฐื“ึธื”ึพืขึทึ—ื™ ืฆึฐืขึทึ˜ืงึฐื ึธื”ึฎ ื‘ึผึฐื ึฃื•ึนืช ืจึทื‘ึผึธื”ึ’ ื—ึฒื’ึนึฃืจึฐื ึธื” ืฉื‚ึทืงึผึดึ”ื™ื ืกึฐืคึนึ•ื“ึฐื ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืฉืื•ึนื˜ึทึ–ื˜ึฐื ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึฐื“ึตืจึ‘ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึดึคื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืึ™ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนืœึธึฃื” ื™ึตืœึตึ”ืšึฐ ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึธึฅื™ื• ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึธึ–ื™ื• ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธึฝื™ื•ืƒ

English:

Howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is ravaged! Cry out, O daughters of Rabbah! Gird on sackcloth, lament, And run to and fro in the sheepfolds. For Milcom shall go into exile, Together with his priests and attendants.

Mourning spreads through the region: Cheshbon howls, the villages of Rabbah put on sackcloth, and people run about among the sheepfolds looking for a place to hide. Even Milcom, Ammon's idol, will be carried into exile with its priests. Metzudat David explains that the enemy will take away the silver image itself.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื” ืขื™. ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœื” ื•ืžืืจืฅ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื: ื‘ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ: ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจื•ืช. ืชื™ืจื’ืžื• ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ืืชื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืขืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ื“ื“ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ืคืชืจ ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฆืืŸ ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชืขื•ืœืœื ื” ื‘ื–ื‘ืœ ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฆืืŸ ืœ' ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื‘ื– ืขืฉื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”) ื•ืฉื˜ ืขืฉื•:
for Ai has been spoiled Ai, that is near it, [has been spoiled,] and it is of the land of Ammon. O villages of Rabbah Rabbah of the children of Ammon. and mobilize in companies Heb. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจื•ืช. Jonathan renders: ื•ืืชื”ืžื›ื•ึผืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืขึธืŸ, mobilize in companies. He interprets ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื ื” as an expression of armies that run to and fro (ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื); and ื’ื“ืจื•ืช is an expression of sheepcotes full of flocks, and can be interpreted as "and roll in the dung of the sheepcotes," an expression of contempt. [Onkelos translates:] "And Esau despised" (Gen. 25:34), ื•ืฉื˜ ืขืฉื•.

ืคืกื•ืง ื“ืณ ยท Verse 4

Hebrew:

ืžึทื”ึพืชึผึดืชึฐื”ึทึฝืœึฐืœึดื™ึ™ ื‘ึผึธืขึฒืžึธืงึดึ”ื™ื ื–ึธึฃื‘ ืขึดืžึฐืงึตึ”ืšึฐ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทึ–ืช ื”ึทืฉืึผื•ึนื‘ึตื‘ึธึ‘ื” ื”ึทื‘ึผึนึฝื˜ึฐื—ึธื”ึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืึนึฃืฆึฐืจึนืชึถึ”ื™ื”ึธ ืžึดึ–ื™ ื™ึธื‘ึฅื•ึนื ืึตืœึธึฝื™ืƒ

English:

Why do you glory in strength, Your strength is drained, O rebellious daughter, You who relied on your treasures, [Who said:] Who dares attack me?

God mocks Ammon's pride in its fertile valleys and its trust in its treasures, as if no one could ever come against it. Rashi explains that Ammon boasted of well-watered valleys that never feared drought. Radak adds that the very valley it praised will now flow with the blood of its slain.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืชืชื”ืœืœื™. ืชืชืคืืจื™ ื•ื•ื ื˜ื™"ืจ ื‘ืœืข"ื–: ื‘ืขืžืงื™ื. ืฉืืจืฆืš ืืจืฅ ืขืžืงื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืงืฉื” ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืžื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื”: ื–ื‘ ืขืžืงืš. ืžื›ืช ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืื” ืขื“ ืฉื–ื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืžืง ื•ืฉื˜ืคื• ืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื›ืš ืคื™' ืžื ื—ื:
You boast Heb. ืชืชื”ืœืœื™ (vanter in French). about the valleys? That your land is a land of valleys and lack of rainfall is not harmful to it since the sun does not penetrate into it. Your valley is flowing A misfortune of an overabundance of rain shall come upon it until the water will flow in the valley and inundate the roots of the grain So did Menahem [Machbereth Menahem p. 77] explain it.

ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืณ ยท Verse 5

Hebrew:

ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ึฉ ืžึตื‘ึดึจื™ื ืขึธืœึทึœื™ึดืšึฐ ืคึผึทึ—ื—ึทื“ ื ึฐืึปืึพืึฒื“ึนื ึธึงื™ ื™ึฑื”ึนื•ึดึ›ื” ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึ–ื•ึนืช ืžึดื›ึผื‡ืœึพืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธึ‘ื™ึดืšึฐ ื•ึฐื ึดื“ึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึถืึ™ ืึดึฃื™ืฉื ืœึฐืคึธื ึธึ”ื™ื• ื•ึฐืึตึฅื™ืŸ ืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตึ–ืฅ ืœึทื ึผึนื“ึตึฝื“ืƒ

English:

I am bringing terror upon you โ€”declares my Sovereign GOD of Hostsโ€” From all those around you. Every one of you shall be driven in every direction, And none shall gather in the fugitives.

God will bring terror on Ammon from every side. Each person will flee straight ahead wherever he can, and no one will gather the scattered refugees. Radak and Metzudat David explain the point: the survivors will not even regroup to comfort one another, so complete will be the breakup of the nation.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื”ืจ ื•ืœื ื•ืก: ืœื ื•ื“ื“. ืœ' ื ืข ื•ื ื“ (ืฉื ื“):
each man forward Anyone who can hurry and flee. the wanderer The term [ืœื ื“ื“] derives from ื ืข ื•ื ื“, "a wanderer and an exile" (Gen. 4:14).

ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืณ ยท Verse 6

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ึพื›ึตึ—ืŸ ืึธืฉืึดึ›ื™ื‘ ืึถืชึพืฉืึฐื‘ึฅื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฝื™ึพืขึทืžึผึ–ื•ึนืŸ ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒย {ืค}

English:

But afterward I will restore the fortunes of the Ammonitesโ€”declares GOD.

After the harsh judgment comes a short promise: God will later restore Ammon's captives. Metzudat David explains that this follows only after Ammon has received its full punishment. Radak points back to the similar promise made to Moav at the end of chapter 48.

ืคืกื•ืง ื–ืณ ยท Verse 7

Hebrew:

ืœึถืึฑื“ึ—ื•ึนื ื›ึผึนึคื” ืึธืžึทืจึ™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฃื” ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึ”ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืึตึฅื™ืŸ ืขึ›ื•ึนื“ ื—ื‡ื›ึฐืžึธึ–ื” ื‘ึผึฐืชึตื™ืžึธึ‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ึฐื“ึธึคื” ืขึตืฆึธื”ึ™ ืžึดื‘ึผึธื ึดึ”ื™ื ื ึดืกึฐืจึฐื—ึธึ–ื” ื—ื‡ื›ึฐืžึธืชึธึฝืืƒ

English:

Concerning Edom. Thus said GOD of Hosts: Is there no more wisdom in Teman? Has counsel vanished from the prudent? Has their wisdom gone stale?

The prophecy against Edom opens by asking whether wisdom has vanished from Teman, a region famous for its wise men. Radak connects this to Ovadiah's promise to destroy the wise of Edom and treats the whole prophecy as pointing to the future. Rashi explains that Edom lay to the south of Eretz Yisrael.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ. ืื“ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืคืืช ื ื’ื‘ ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ืŸ ืข"ื™ ืื“ื•ื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืดื“:ื’ืณ): ืžื‘ื ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ืจ ื–ื”: ื ืกืจื—ื”. ืืชืงืœืงืœืช:
in the south? Edom is in the south of Eretz Israel, as it is stated. "And your south side shall be from the desert of Zin close by the side of Edom" (Num. 34:3). from the sons Heb. ืžื‘ื ื™ื, from this generation. has spoiled Heb. ื ืกืจื—ื”.

ืคืกื•ืง ื—ืณ ยท Verse 8

Hebrew:

ื ึปึคืกื•ึผ ื”ื‡ืคึฐื ื•ึผึ™ ื”ึถืขึฐืžึดึฃื™ืงื•ึผ ืœึธืฉืึถึ”ื‘ึถืช ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตึ–ื™ ื“ึผึฐื“ึธึ‘ืŸ ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืึตึฅื™ื“ ืขึตืฉื‚ึธึ›ื• ื”ึตื‘ึตึฅืืชึดื™ ืขึธืœึธึ–ื™ื• ืขึตึฅืช ืคึผึฐืงึทื“ึฐืชึผึดึฝื™ื•ืƒ

English:

Flee, turn away, sit down low, O inhabitants of Dedan, For I am bringing Esauโ€™s doom upon him, The time when I deal with him.

The people of Dedan are told to flee, turn away and hide deep in hidden places, because the time of Esav's calamity has come. Rashi explains the three verbs as commands to clear out and hide in deep valleys. Radak notes that Dedan is counted as part of Edom, as in Yechezkel's prophecy.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ืคื ื•. ื”ืชื‘ืขืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืคื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื“): ื”ืขืžื™ืงื• ืœืฉื‘ืช. ืœื”ื—ื‘ื ื‘ืขืžืงื™ ืžืกืชืจื™ื ื ื•ืกื• ื”ืคื ื• ื”ืขืžื™ืงื•. ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื:
Clear out! Heb. ื”ืคื ื•. Vacate this place. This is an expression of "And they shall clear out (ื•ึผืคึผึฐื ื•ึผ) the house" (Lev. 14:36). Dwell deep to hide in the secret valleys. ื ึปืกื•ึผ ื”ึธืคึฐื ื•ึผ ื”ึถืขึฐืžึดืงื•ึผ are all in the imperative form.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืณ ยท Verse 9

Hebrew:

ืึดืึพื‘ึผึนึฝืฆึฐืจึดื™ืึ™ ื‘ึผึธึฃืื•ึผ ืœึธึ”ืšึฐ ืœึนึฅื ื™ึทืฉืึฐืึดึ–ืจื•ึผ ืขื•ึนืœึตืœึ‘ื•ึนืช ืึดืึพื’ึผึทื ึผึธื‘ึดึฅื™ื ื‘ึผึทืœึผึทึ–ื™ึฐืœึธื” ื”ึดืฉืึฐื—ึดึฅื™ืชื•ึผ ื“ึทื™ึผึธึฝืืƒ

English:

If vintagers were to come upon you, Would they leave no gleanings? Even thieves in the night Would destroy only for their needs!

Grape-pickers always leave some gleanings, and even thieves take only what they need. Edom's destruction will be total, with nothing left behind. Rashi notes that Ovadiah received a very similar prophecy, since one message can pass to several prophets, each in his own words.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืื ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื• ืœืš. ื—ืฉืคืชื™ ืืช ื•ื’ื•' ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื•ื’ื•' ื›ืœ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื–ื• ื ื‘ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ืื“ื•ื ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืกื™ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ืžื” ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืชื ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ืŸ: ืœื ื™ืฉืื™ืจื• ืขื•ืœืœื•ืช. ื‘ืชืžื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ืš ืœื ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืœืš ื›ืœื•ื:
If vintagers have come upon you, etc. I have exposed Esau, etc. I have heard tidings, etc. On this order, Obadiah prophesied concerning Edom, but since one watchword is passed to many prophets, but no two prophets prophesy under the same watchword, they differ in several words. will they not leave over gleaning grapes? This is the interrogative. Yet the spoilers who came upon you left over nothing for you.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืณ ยท Verse 10

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืึฒื ึดึžื™ ื—ึธืฉื‚ึทึฃืคึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึพืขึตืฉื‚ึธึ—ื• ื’ึผึดืœึผึตึ™ื™ืชึดื™ึ™ ืึถืชึพืžึดืกึฐืชึผึธืจึธึ”ื™ื• ื•ึฐื ึถื—ึฐื‘ึผึธึ–ื” ืœึนึฃื ื™ื•ึผื›ึธึ‘ืœ ืฉืึปื“ึผึทึฅื“ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึ›ื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธึฅื™ื• ื•ึผืฉืึฐื›ึตื ึธึ–ื™ื• ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ึถึฝื ึผื•ึผืƒ

English:

But it is I who have bared Esau, Have exposed his place of concealment; He cannot hide. His offspring is ravaged, His kin and his neighborsโ€” He is no more.

God Himself has stripped Esav bare and exposed his hiding places, so he cannot hide. His children, brothers and neighbours are destroyed. Rashi ties this to Ovadiah's charge that Edom handed over Israel's survivors, so that no one would escape, and now the same happens to Edom.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื—ืฉืคืชื™. ื’ืœื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœืณ:ืœืดื–) ื•ืืชื” ื”ืกื’ืจืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื”ื ืื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืœ ืชืกื’ืจ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื• (ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืืณ:ื™ืดื“): ื•ื ื—ื‘ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ. ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื—ื‘ื ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ:
I exposed Heb. ื—ืฉืคืชื™, uncovered. Cf. "the exposure (ืžึทื—ึฐืฉึนืฃ) of the white" (Gen. 30:37). And you delivered the survivors of Israel in order that no one remain of them, as it is stated: "Neither should you have delivered his survivors" (Obadiah 1:14). and he could not hide He will seek to hide but will be unable.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื ยท Verse 11

Hebrew:

ืขื‡ื–ึฐื‘ึธึฅื” ื™ึฐืชึนืžึถึ–ื™ืšึธ ืึฒื ึดึฃื™ ืึฒื—ึทื™ึผึถึ‘ื” ื•ึฐืึทืœึฐืžึฐื ื•ึนืชึถึ–ื™ืšึธ ืขึธืœึทึฅื™ ืชึผึดื‘ึฐื˜ึธึฝื—ื•ึผืƒย {ืก} ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

โ€œLeave your orphans with me, I will rear them; Let your widows rely on me!โ€

A haunting line: 'Leave your orphans with me, I will rear them.' Radak and Metzudat David read it with the previous verse: normally a dying man is comforted by someone who promises to care for his family, but in Edom no one will be left to say this. Rashi reads the orphans as those Edom made orphans in Israel.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืขื–ื‘ื” ื™ืชื•ืžื™ืš. ืฉื™ืชืžืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
Leave your orphans whom you have orphaned of Israel.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื‘ ยท Verse 12

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดื™ึพื›ึนึฃื”โ€‰ื€ ืึธืžึทึฃืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ—ื” ื”ึดึ ื ึผึตึ ื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึตึจื™ืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึธึœื ืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึคื•ึนืช ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืกึ™ ืฉืึธืชึฃื•ึน ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึ”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธึฃื” ื”ึ”ื•ึผื ื ึธืงึนึ–ื” ืชึผึดื ึผึธืงึถึ‘ื” ืœึนึฃื ืชึดื ึผึธืงึถึ”ื” ื›ึผึดึฅื™ ืฉืึธืชึนึ–ื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถึฝื”ืƒ

English:

For thus said GOD: If they who rightly should not drink of the cup must drink it, are you the one to go unpunished? You shall not go unpunished: you will have to drink!

If nations who were not obliged to drink the cup of judgment must still drink it, Edom certainly will. Rashi and Radak explain why: the other nations were strangers to Israel, but Edom was Yaakov's brother and should have helped him. Harming a brother deserves a harsher sentence.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช. ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื—ื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืื ื”ืจืขื• ืœื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชืš:
those who do not deserve to drink For they were not brothers to Israel, and if they harmed them, they do not deserve the death sentence like you.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื’ ยท Verse 13

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ื‘ึดึคื™ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทึ™ืขึฐืชึผึดื™ึ™ ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืœึฐืฉืึทืžึผึธึงื” ืœึฐื—ึถืจึฐืคึผึธึ›ื” ืœึฐื—ึนึฅืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐืœึดืงึฐืœึธืœึธึ–ื” ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถึฃื” ื‘ื‡ืฆึฐืจึธึ‘ื” ื•ึฐื›ื‡ืœึพืขึธืจึถึฅื™ื”ึธ ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถึ–ื™ื ึธื” ืœึฐื—ื‡ืจึฐื‘ึฅื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนืœึธึฝืืƒ

English:

For by Myself I swearโ€”declares GODโ€”Bozrah shall become a desolation, a mockery, a ruin, and a curse; and all its towns shall be ruins for all time.

God swears by Himself that Botzrah will become a ruin and a curse, with all its towns desolate forever. Rashi explains that Botzrah was a city of Moav that gave Edom a king, Yovav son of Zerach, so it suffers with Edom. Radak simply calls it a royal city in Edom.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื—ืจืคื”. ื•ืœืงืœืœื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆืจื” ื‘ืฆืจื” ืžืขืจื™ ืžื•ืื‘ ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื™ื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ื–ืจืช ืžื‘ืฆืจื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื–) ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืงื” ืขืžื•:
that Bozrah shall become desolation, reproach, waste, and a curse Bozrah was one of the cities of Moab, but because it raised up a king for Edom, as the matter is stated, "And Jobab the son of Zerah from Bozrah" (Gen. 36:33), it will suffer with them.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื“ ยท Verse 14

Hebrew:

ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืขึธึคื” ืฉืึธืžึทึ™ืขึฐืชึผึดื™ึ™ ืžึตืึตึฃืช ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ื•ึฐืฆึดึ–ื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึฃื ืฉืึธืœึ‘ื•ึผื—ึท ื”ึดึฝืชึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืฆื•ึผึ™ ื•ึผื‘ึนึฃืื•ึผ ืขึธืœึถึ”ื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐืงึ–ื•ึผืžื•ึผ ืœึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

I have received tidings from GOD, And an envoy is sent out among the nations: Assemble, and move against her, And rise up for war!

The prophet has heard a report from God: a messenger is sent among the nations, calling them to gather and go to war against Edom. Radak describes it as if an angel were sent to rally the nations against Botzrah and its towns. The judgment will come through human armies acting on God's word.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืดื• ยท Verse 15

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื”ึดื ึผึตึฅื” ืงึธื˜ึนึ›ืŸ ื ึฐืชึทืชึผึดึ–ื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ‘ื ื‘ึผึธื–ึ–ื•ึผื™ ื‘ึผึธืึธื“ึธึฝืืƒ

English:

For I will make you least among nations, Most despised among humankind.

God will make Edom small among the nations and despised among people. Radak explains 'small' as low and contemptible, so that no nation will care if it is lost. Rashi adds a sharper point: Edom never had a king who was the son of a king.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืงื˜ืŸ ื ืชืชื™ืš. ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืŸ ืžืœืš; ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืžืœืš ื‘ืŸ ืžืœืš:
I have made you small For they have no king who is the son of a king. It was not their custom to set up a king the son of a king.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืดื– ยท Verse 16

Hebrew:

ืชึผึดึฝืคึฐืœึทืฆึฐืชึผึฐืšึธึž ื”ึดืฉืึผึดึคื™ื ืึนืชึธืšึฐึ™ ื–ึฐื“ึฃื•ึนืŸ ืœึดื‘ึผึถึ”ืšึธ ืฉืึนึฝื›ึฐื ึดื™ึ™ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื’ึฐื•ึตึฃื™ ื”ึทืกึผึถึ”ืœึทืข ืชึผึนืคึฐืฉื‚ึดึ–ื™ ืžึฐืจึฃื•ึนื ื’ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึธึ‘ื” ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืชึทื’ึฐื‘ึผึดึคื™ื”ึผึท ื›ึผึทื ึผึถึ™ืฉืึถืจึ™ ืงึดื ึผึถึ”ืšึธ ืžึดืฉืึผึธึฅื ืื•ึนืจึดึฝื™ื“ึฐืšึธึ– ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Your horrible nature, Your arrogant heart has seduced you, You who dwell in clefts of the rock, Who occupy the height of the hill! Should you nest as high as the eagle, From there I will pull you down โ€”declares GOD.

Edom's terrifying reputation and proud heart have deceived it, as it lives in the clefts of the rock and on the heights. Even if it nests as high as an eagle, God will bring it down. Rashi reads Edom's arrogance as its eagerness to stir up hatred against its brother Yaakov.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืชืคืœืฆืชืš. ืœ' ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืžื”ืจ ื•ื ื‘ื”ืœ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืชืš ืœืื—ื™ืš ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืขื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืคืœืฆื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืขื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืคืœืฆืช: ื”ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชืš. ืœื”ืจืข ืœื”ื: ืฉื•ื›ื ื™. ืฉื•ื›ืŸ: ืชื•ืคืฉื™. ื›ืžื• ืชื•ืคืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื•"ื“ ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื•:
Your hastiness Heb. ืชืคืœืฆืชืš, an expression of haste, for you hurried and were hasty to arouse your hatred for your brother. And there are some who translate this as an expression of fright (ืคึผึทืœึธืฆื•ึผืช), and there are some who translate it as an expression of an image (ืžืคืœืฆืช). has enticed you to harm them. you who dwell Heb. ืฉื›ื ื™, like ืฉืื•ึนื›ึตืŸ. who hold ืชืคืฉื™, like ืชึผื•ืคึตืฉื‚, and the 'yud' is superfluous in it.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื– ยท Verse 17

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธึฅื” ืึฑื“ึ–ื•ึนื ืœึฐืฉืึทืžึผึธึ‘ื” ื›ึผึนึšืœ ืขึนื‘ึตึฃืจ ืขึธืœึถึ”ื™ื”ึธ ื™ึดืฉืึผึนึฅื ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืจึนึ–ืง ืขึทืœึพื›ึผื‡ืœึพืžึทื›ึผื•ึนืชึถึฝื”ึธืƒ

English:

And Edom shall be a cause of appallment; whoever passes by will be appalled and will hiss at all its wounds.

Edom will become a place of horror: passers-by will be stunned at its ruins and hiss at its wounds. Metzudat David explains that people hiss in this way when they see something once great now destroyed. The proud nation of the previous verse becomes a spectacle.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื— ยท Verse 18

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึฐึฝืžึทื”ึฐืคึผึตื›ึทึžืช ืกึฐื“ึนึงื ื•ึทืขึฒืžึนืจึธึ›ื” ื•ึผืฉืึฐื›ึตื ึถึ–ื™ื”ึธ ืึธืžึทึฃืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ืœึนืึพื™ึตืฉืึตึฅื‘ ืฉืึธืึ™ ืึดึ”ื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืœึนืึพื™ึธื’ึฅื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึธึ–ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึถืŸึพืึธื“ึธึฝืืƒ

English:

It shall be like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and their neighborsโ€”said GOD: nobody shall live there, no human shall sojourn there.

Edom's ruin will be like the overturning of Sodom and Gomorrah and their neighbours, with no one living there or even staying there. Metzudat David notes that not even a passing traveller will stop there. The comparison with Sodom marks a destruction that is total and permanent.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื˜ ยท Verse 19

Hebrew:

ื”ึดึ ื ึผึตึ ื” ื›ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื™ึตึžื” ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถึจื” ืžึดื’ึผึฐืึฃื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸึฎ ืึถืœึพื ึฐื•ึตึฃื” ืึตื™ืชึธืŸึ’ ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืึทืจึฐื’ึผึดึคื™ืขึธื” ืึฒืจึดื™ืฆึถึ™ื ึผื•ึผึ™ ืžึตืขึธืœึถึ”ื™ื”ึธ ื•ึผืžึดึฅื™ ื‘ึธื—ึ–ื•ึผืจ ืึตืœึถึฃื™ื”ึธ ืึถืคึฐืงึนึ‘ื“ ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืžึดึคื™ ื›ึธืžึ™ื•ึนื ึดื™ึ™ ื•ึผืžึดึฃื™ ื™ึนืขึดื™ื“ึถึ”ื ึผึดื™ ื•ึผืžึดื™ึพื–ึถึฃื” ืจึนืขึถึ”ื” ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืžึนึ–ื“ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธึฝื™ืƒย {ืก} ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

It shall be as when a lion comes up out of the jungle of the Jordan against a secure pasture: in a moment I can harry him out of it and appoint over it anyone I choose. Then who is like Me? Who can summon Me? Who is the shepherd that can stand up against Me?

Like a lion rising from the thickets of the Jordan against a secure sheepfold, the enemy will suddenly attack Edom. God asks who is like Him and which shepherd can stand against Him. Rashi explains that the attack will be sudden and swift, and Radak notes that this verse is repeated in the prophecy against Bavel.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ืืจื™ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืžื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื›ืŸ ื™ืขืœื” ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืืœ ื ื•ื” ืื™ืชืŸ: ืืจื’ื™ืขื”. ืืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข: ืืจื™ืฆื ื• ืžืขืœื™ื”. ืคืชืื•ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื™ื—ืจื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ืงื˜ืŸ ืืœ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืืจื™ืฆื ื• ืžืขืœื™' ืžืžืขืœ ืœื” ืฉื™ื”ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืžืขืœ ืœืจืงื™ืข ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืžืขืœ ืœื• (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื•) ืžืขืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื• (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื‘): ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ. ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœื ืงื•ื ื ืงืžืชื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืืคืงื“: ื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ืขื™ื“ื ื™. ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื”ืœื—ื ืืชื™: ืจื•ืขื”. ืžืœืš:
as a lion that ascends from the heights of the Jordan, which is a place frequented by lions, as Jonathan renders, so shall the enemy ascend upon the strong dwelling place. for I will bring the moment Heb. ืืจื’ื™ืขื”. I will hasten him away from her Suddenly and successfully he shall destroy her and return in a brief movement to his place. But I say that ืืจื™ืฆื ื•ึผ ืžืขืœื™ื” means: I will hasten him over her, that he shall overpower her and be over her. Cf. "Above (ืžืžืขืœ) the expanse" (Gen. 1: 7); "Above (ืžืžืขืœ) for Him" (Isa. 6:2); "Over (ืžึตืขึทืœ) his garments" (I Sam. 17:39). and he who is chosen He whom I have chosen to wreak My vengeance, I will appoint over her. and who will appoint Me a time For bartle, to wage war with Me? a shepherd A king.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืณ ยท Verse 20

Hebrew:

ืœึธื›ึตึžืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขึฃื•ึผ ืขึฒืฆึทืชึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ—ื” ืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ื™ึธืขึทืฅึ™ ืึถืœึพืึฑื“ึ”ื•ึนื ื•ึผืžึทึจื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึนืชึธึ”ื™ื• ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื—ึธืฉืึทึ–ื‘ ืึถืœึพื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตึฃื™ ืชึตื™ืžึธึ‘ืŸ ืึดืึพืœึคื•ึนื ื™ึดืกึฐื—ึธื‘ื•ึผืึ™ ืฆึฐืขึดื™ืจึตึฃื™ ื”ึทืฆึผึนึ”ืืŸ ืึดืึพืœึนึฅื ื™ึทืฉืึผึดึ›ื™ื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถึ–ื ื ึฐื•ึตื”ึถึฝืืƒ

English:

Hear, then, the plan that GOD has devised against Edom, and what has been purposed against the inhabitants of Teman: Surely the shepherd boys Shall drag them away; Surely the pasture shall be Aghast because of them.

God's plan against Edom is announced: 'the young of the flock' will drag them away. Rashi cites Chazal that this means Persia, the youngest of Yefet's sons. Radak reads it as Israel, weak until now, echoing the words 'the elder shall serve the younger' about Esav and Yaakov.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืื ืœื. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช: ื™ืกื—ื‘ื•ื. ื™ื’ืจืจื•ื: ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื”ืฆืืŸ. ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื“ืจืฉื• ืคืจืก ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืคืช: ื™ืฉื™ื. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžื”:
if...not An expression of 'indeed.' drag them Heb. ื™ืกื—ื‘ื•ื. the young of the flock. The despised of the nations, and our Rabbis [Yoma 10] expounded that it refers to Persia, who was the youngest of Japheth's sons. make desolate Heb. ื™ืฉื™ื, an expression of desolation (ืฉืžืžื”).

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื ยท Verse 21

Hebrew:

ืžึดืงึผึฃื•ึนืœ ื ึดืคึฐืœึธึ”ื ืจึธืขึฒืฉืึธึ–ื” ื”ึธืึธึ‘ืจึถืฅ ืฆึฐืขึธืงึธึ•ื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทืึพืกึ–ื•ึผืฃ ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทึฅืข ืงื•ึนืœึธึฝื”ึผืƒ

English:

At the sound of their downfall The earth shall shake; The sound of screaming Shall be heard at the Sea of Reeds.

The crash of Edom's fall will shake the earth, and its scream will be heard as far as the Sea of Reeds. Radak explains that the higher a thing stands, the louder its fall, and Edom stood very high in its pride. This is deliberate exaggeration to show how great the fall will be.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื‘ ยท Verse 22

Hebrew:

ื”ึดื ึผึตึคื” ื›ึทื ึผึถึ™ืฉืึถืจึ™ ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถึฃื” ื•ึฐื™ึดื“ึฐืึถึ”ื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืคึฐืจึนึฅืฉื‚ ื›ึผึฐื ึธืคึธึ–ื™ื• ืขึทืœึพื‘ึผื‡ืฆึฐืจึธึ‘ื” ื•ึฐึฝึ ื”ึธื™ึธึ ื” ืœึตึžื‘ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตึคื™ ืึฑื“ื•ึนืึ™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฃื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึ”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึฐืœึตึ–ื‘ ืึดืฉืึผึธึฅื” ืžึฐืฆึตืจึธึฝื”ืƒย {ืค}

English:

See, like an eagle he flies up, He soars and spreads his wings against Bozrah; And the heart of Edomโ€™s warriors in that day Shall be like the heart of a woman in travail.

The enemy will swoop on Botzrah like an eagle spreading its wings, and Edom's warriors will lose heart like a woman in labour. Metzudat David stresses the speed of the attack. The eagle that Edom imagined itself to be in verse 16 now becomes the image of its attacker.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื’ ยท Verse 23

Hebrew:

ืœึฐื“ึทืžึผึถึ—ืฉื‚ึถืง ื‘ึผึคื•ึนืฉืึธึฝื” ื—ึฒืžึธืชึ™ ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐืคึผึธึ”ื“ ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืฉืึฐืžึปืขึธึฅื” ืจึธืขึธึ›ื” ืฉืึธืžึฐืขึ–ื•ึผ ื ึธืžึนึ‘ื’ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธึฃื ื“ึผึฐืึธื’ึธึ”ื” ื”ึทืฉืึฐืงึตึ–ื˜ ืœึนึฅื ื™ื•ึผื›ึธึฝืœืƒ

English:

Concerning Damascus. Hamath and Arpad are shamed, For they have heard bad news. They shake with anxiety, Like the sea that cannot rest.

The prophecy turns to Damascus. Chamat and Arpad, cities of Aram, are shamed by bad news, and their anxiety is like the restless sea. Rashi explains that the bad news concerns Damascus, the head of Aram. Radak compares them to a person at sea who cannot calm his fear of the waves.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื—ืžืช ื•ืืจืคื“. ืขืจื™ ืืจื ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขื• ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืจืขื” ืขืœ ื“ืžืฉืง ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืืฉ ืืจื ื›ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืจืืฉ ืืจื ื“ืžืฉืง (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื–ืณ:ื—ืณ) ืœื›ืš ื ืžื•ื’ื•: ื‘ื™ื ื“ืื’ื”. ื“ืื’ืชื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ืื’ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ. ื›ืœ ื“ืื’ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืจืื” ื”ื•ื:
Hamath and Arpad are shamed [Hamath and Arpad,] cities of Aram, [are shamed,] for they heard bad news concerning Damascus, which is the head of Aram, as it is stated. "For the head of Aram is Damascus" (Isa. 7:8). Therefore, they melted. there is worry in the sea He compares her worry to the worry of the sea, which cannot be quiet. Every instance of ื“ืื’ื”, worry, is an expression of fear.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื“ ยท Verse 24

Hebrew:

ืจึธืคึฐืชึธึฅื” ื“ึทืžึผึถึ›ืฉื‚ึถืง ื”ึดืคึฐื ึฐืชึธึฅื” ืœึธื ึ–ื•ึผืก ื•ึฐืจึถึฃื˜ึถื˜โ€‰ื€โ€‰ื”ึถื—ึฑื–ึดึ‘ื™ืงึธื” ืฆึธืจึธึงื” ื•ึทื—ึฒื‘ึธืœึดึ›ื™ื ืึฒื—ึธื–ึทึ–ืชึผึธื” ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนืœึตื“ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Damascus has grown weak, She has turned around to flee; Trembling has seized her, Pain and anguish have taken hold of her, Like a woman in childbirth.

Damascus grows weak and turns to flee, seized by trembling and pain like a woman giving birth. Rashi and Metzudat David explain that its hands are too weak to fight. The once-powerful capital of Aram, so long a threat to Israel, now collapses in panic.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืจืคืชื” ื“ืžืฉืง. ืจืคื• ื™ื“ื™ื” ืžื”ืœื—ื: ื•ืจื˜ื˜. ื–ื™ืข:
Damascus become feeble Her hands have become too feeble to wage war. trembling Heb. ืจึถื˜ึถื˜.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื” ยท Verse 25

Hebrew:

ืึตึฅื™ืšึฐ ืœึนึฝืึพืขึปื–ึผึฐื‘ึธึ–ื” ืขึดึฃื™ืจ (ืชื”ืœื”) [ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธึ‘ืช] ืงึดืจึฐื™ึทึ–ืช ืžึฐืฉื‚ื•ึนืฉื‚ึดึฝื™ืƒ

English:

How has the glorious city not been deserted, The citadel of my joy!

A lament for Damascus, the city of praise and joy: how was it not spared? Metzudat David explains that although Nevuchadnetzar destroyed many places, people wonder why he did not leave this lovely city alone. Rashi also reads it differently: the city was not properly fortified.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืื™ืš ืœื ืขื–ื‘ื”. ืœื ื ืชืžืœืืช ืขืคืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื•ืžืชื” ืœื—ื–ืง ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื—ื•ืžื” (ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ืณ:ื—ืณ) ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืœืžื” ืœื ื ืขื–ื‘ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืจืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ื”ืจืขื” ืขืœื™ื”: ืงืจื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืฉื™. ื›ืš ื™ืชืื‘ืœ ืžืœื›ื” ืขืœื™ื”:
"How was...not fortified" It was not filled with earth around its wall to strengthen the wall. Cf. "And they fortified (ื•ื™ืขื–ื‘ื•ึผ) Jerusalem up to the wall" (Neh. 3:8). It can also be interpreted: Why was it not forsaken by this evil, that the evil should not come upon it? the city of my joy So shall her king mourn over her.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื• ยท Verse 26

Hebrew:

ืœึธื›ึตึ›ืŸ ื™ึดืคึผึฐืœึฅื•ึผ ื‘ึทื—ื•ึผืจึถึ–ื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื—ึนื‘ึนืชึถึ‘ื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐื›ื‡ืœึพืึทื ึฐืฉืึตึจื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธึคื” ื™ึดื“ึผึทึ™ืžึผื•ึผึ™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฃื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึ”ื•ึผื ื ึฐืึปึ–ื ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฅื” ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึฝื•ึนืชืƒ

English:

Assuredly, her young men shall lie fallen in her squares. And all her warriors shall be stilled in that day โ€”declares GOD of Hosts.

Damascus's young men will fall in its streets and all its warriors will be silenced on that day. Metzudat David explains that because the city was so precious, its men fought for it to the end and all of them died. Rashi notes that a ruined city is a silent city.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื›ืŸ. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”: ื™ื“ืžื•. ื™ื—ืจื™ื‘ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื–ื– ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื“ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ื—ืจื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœ ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ื”:
Therefore This is an expression of an oath. shall be destroyed Heb. ื™ื“ืžื•, [lit. shall be silent,] shall be destroyed, but it does not deviate from being an expression of silence, for in every ruined city, no voice is heard.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื– ยท Verse 27

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึดืฆึผึทึฅืชึผึดื™ ืึตึ–ืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนืžึทึฃืช ื“ึผึทืžึผึธึ‘ืฉื‚ึถืง ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึธึ–ื” ืึทืจึฐืžึฐื ึฅื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึถืŸึพื”ึฒื“ึธึฝื“ืƒย {ืค}

English:

I will set fire to the wall of Damascus, And it shall consume the fortresses of Ben-hadad.

God will set fire to the wall of Damascus and burn the palaces of Ben-hadad. Radak notes that Ben-hadad was the name of Aram's king when Nevuchadnetzar destroyed it. The name also recalls the earlier Aramean kings called Ben-hadad who fought against Israel in Sefer Melachim.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื— ยท Verse 28

Hebrew:

ืœึฐืงึตื“ึธึฃืจโ€‰ื€ ื•ึผึฝืœึฐืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ึฃื•ึนืช ื—ึธืฆึ—ื•ึนืจ ืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ื”ึดื›ึผึธื”ึ™ (ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ืจืืฆื•ืจ) [ื ึฐื‘ื•ึผื›ึทื“ึฐืจึถืืฆึผึทึฃืจ] ืžึถืœึถืšึฐึพื‘ึผึธื‘ึถึ”ืœ ื›ึผึนึ–ื” ืึธืžึทึฃืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ืงึšื•ึผืžื•ึผ ืขึฒืœึฃื•ึผ ืึถืœึพืงึตื“ึธึ”ืจ ื•ึฐืฉืื‡ื“ึฐื“ึ–ื•ึผ ืึถืชึพื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ึพืงึถึฝื“ึถืืƒ

English:

Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon conquered. Thus said GOD: Arise, march against Kedar, And ravage the Kedemites!

A new prophecy concerns Kedar and the kingdoms of Chatzor, which Nevuchadnetzar struck. Rashi explains that Kedar were desert dwellers with no walls or cities. Radak notes why Nevuchadnetzar is named here: other nations were also defeated by others, such as David, but these tribes fell only to him.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืงื“ืจ. ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœื™' ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ:
Concerning Kedar They were desert dwellers, with neither wall nor city.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื˜ ยท Verse 29

Hebrew:

ืื‡ื”ึณืœึตื™ื”ึถึคื ื•ึฐืฆึนืื ึธืึ™ ื™ึดืงึผึธึ”ื—ื•ึผ ื™ึฐืจึดื™ืขื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถึงื ื•ึฐื›ื‡ืœึพื›ึผึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถึ›ื ื•ึผื’ึฐืžึทืœึผึตื™ื”ึถึ–ื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืึฃื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถึ‘ื ื•ึฐืงึธืจึฐืึงื•ึผ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถึ›ื ืžึธื’ึ–ื•ึนืจ ืžึดืกึผึธื‘ึดึฝื™ื‘ืƒ

English:

They will take away their tents and their flocks, Their tent cloths and all their gear; They shall carry off their camels, And shall proclaim against them: Terror all around!

The invaders will take the nomads' tents, curtains, belongings and camels, and cry 'terror all around' against them. Radak and Metzudat David note that these people had no houses, only tents and herds. Their whole life could be packed up, and so it could all be carried away.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืžื’ื•ืจ. ืืžืืฉืžื "ื˜ ื‘ืœืขื– ืœ"ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืจืื”:
terror Heb. ืžื’ื•ืจ (amassment in French). Another explanation: an expression of fear.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืณ ยท Verse 30

Hebrew:

ื ึปึฉืกื•ึผึฉ ื ึผึปึจื“ื•ึผ ืžึฐืึนึœื“ ื”ึถืขึฐืžึดึงื™ืงื•ึผ ืœึธืฉืึถึ›ื‘ึถืช ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตึฅื™ ื—ึธืฆึ–ื•ึนืจ ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื™ึธืขึทึจืฅ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถึœื ื ึฐื‘ื•ึผื›ึทื“ึฐืจึถืืฆึผึทึคืจ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐึพื‘ึผึธื‘ึถืœึ™ ืขึตืฆึธึ”ื” ื•ึฐื—ึธืฉืึทึฅื‘ (ืขืœื™ื”ื) [ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถึ–ื] ืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Flee, wander far, Sit down low, O inhabitants of Hazor โ€”says GOD. For King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon Has devised a plan against you And formed a purpose against you:

The people of Chatzor are warned to flee far and hide deep, because Nevuchadnetzar has made a plan against them. Rashi says the plan is spelled out in the next verse. Radak notes that the wording repeats the warning given to Dedan in the prophecy against Edom (49:8).
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ื™ ื™ืขืฅ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื•ื’ื•'. ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืฆื” ืงื•ืžื• ืขืœื• ืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ื•:
has taken counsel against you And what was that counsel? "Rise and go up to a peaceful nation."

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื ยท Verse 31

Hebrew:

ืงึฃื•ึผืžึฝื•ึผ ืขึฒืœึ—ื•ึผ ืึถืœึพื’ึผึฅื•ึนื™ ืฉืึฐืœึตึ›ื™ื• ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตึฅื‘ ืœึธื‘ึถึ–ื˜ึทื— ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ืœึนืึพื“ึฐืœึธืชึทึงื™ึดื ื•ึฐืœึนึฝืึพื‘ึฐืจึดึ›ื™ื—ึท ืœึ–ื•ึน ื‘ึผึธื“ึธึฅื“ ื™ึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึนึฝื ื•ึผืƒ

English:

Rise up, attack a tranquil nation That dwells secure โ€”says GODโ€” That has no barred gates, That dwells alone.

Nevuchadnetzar's plan: attack a nation living at ease and secure, with no gates or bars, dwelling alone. Rashi and Metzudat David explain that these tribes feared no enemy, so they lived spread out rather than gathered in walled towns. Their sense of safety is exactly what makes them easy to plunder.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื‘ื“ื“ ื™ืฉื›ื•ื ื•. ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืืกืฃ ื•ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ืจืื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื:
they dwell alone Confidently alone. They need not gather and dwell among people, for they fear not that an enemy will come upon them.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื‘ ยท Verse 32

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึจื•ึผ ื’ึฐืžึทืœึผึตื™ื”ึถึœื ืœึธื‘ึทึ—ื– ื•ึทื”ึฒืžึคื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืงึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถืึ™ ืœึฐืฉืึธืœึธึ”ืœ ื•ึฐื–ึตืจึดืชึดึฅื™ื ืœึฐื›ื‡ืœึพืจึ–ื•ึผื—ึท ืงึฐืฆื•ึผืฆึตึฃื™ ืคึตืึธึ‘ื” ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผื‡ืœึพืขึฒื‘ึธืจึธึ›ื™ื• ืึธื‘ึดึฅื™ื ืึถืชึพืึตื™ื“ึธึ–ื ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Their camels shall become booty, And their abundant flocks a spoil; And I will scatter to every quarter Those who have their hair clipped; And from every direction I will bring Disaster upon them โ€”says GOD.

Their camels and herds will be taken as spoil, and those with clipped hair at the temples will be scattered to every side. Radak explains the phrase as people cut off at the farthest edges. Metzudat David adds that disaster will surround them from every side.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ ืคืื”. ืžื•ืงืฆื™ื ืžืงืฆื” ืืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช:
cast to the ends Separated from one end to the other end of the directions.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื’ ยท Verse 33

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธึจื” ื—ึธืฆึœื•ึนืจ ืœึดืžึฐืขึฅื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึทื ึผึดึ›ื™ื ืฉืึฐืžึธืžึธึ–ื” ืขึทื“ึพืขื•ึนืœึธึ‘ื ืœึนืึพื™ึตืฉืึตึฅื‘ ืฉืึธืึ™ ืึดึ”ื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืœึนืึพื™ึธื’ึฅื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึธึ–ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึถืŸึพืึธื“ึธึฝืืƒย {ืก} ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

Hazor shall become a lair of jackals, A desolation for all time. No one shall live there, No human shall sojourn there.

Chatzor will become a home for jackals, desolate forever, with no one living there or staying even briefly. Metzudat David explains that Chatzor was the ruling centre of the tent-dwelling tribes of Kedar. The closing words repeat the fate of Edom in verse 18.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื“ ยท Verse 34

Hebrew:

ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ื”ึธื™ึธึงื” ื“ึฐื‘ึทืจึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ›ื” ืึถืœึพื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธึฅื”ื•ึผ ื”ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดึ–ื™ื ืึถืœึพืขึตื™ืœึธึ‘ื ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืืฉืึดึ—ื™ืช ืžึทืœึฐื›ึ›ื•ึผืช ืฆึดื“ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธึฅื” ืžึถืœึถืšึฐึพื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธึ–ื” ืœึตืืžึนึฝืจืƒ

English:

The word of GOD that came to the prophet Jeremiah concerning Elam, at the beginning of the reign of King Zedekiah of Judah:

The final prophecy in the chapter concerns Eilam and is dated to the start of Tzidkiyahu's reign. Metzudat David places Eilam among the kingdoms of Madai. Radak cites Chazal that Eilam helped the Kasdim harm Israel, which is why this prophecy was said about them.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื” ยท Verse 35

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึนึคื” ืึธืžึทืจึ™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฃื” ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึ”ื•ึนืช ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดึฅื™ ืฉืึนื‘ึตึ–ืจ ืึถืชึพืงึถึฃืฉืึถืช ืขึตื™ืœึธึ‘ื ืจึตืืฉืึดึ–ื™ืช ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธืชึธึฝืืƒ

English:

Thus said GOD of Hosts: I am going to break the bow of Elam, the mainstay of their strength.

God will break the bow of Eilam, the chief source of its strength. Metzudat David explains that the Eilamites were famous archers, so breaking the bow means breaking their power. Rashi and Radak read the bow as a symbol of Eilam's might.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืืช ืงืฉืช ืขื™ืœื. ืืช ืชืงื•ืช ืขื™ืœื (ืก"ื ื—ื–ืงืช ืขื™ืœื): ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื. ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช':
the bow of Elam The might of Elam (other editions: the strength of Elam). the chief of their might The best of their might.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื• ยท Verse 36

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดึจื™ ืึถืœึพืขึตื™ืœึธึœื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทึฃืข ืจื•ึผื—ึ—ื•ึนืช ืžึตึฝืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืขึ™ ืงึฐืฆึฃื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฉืึผึธืžึทึ”ื™ึดื ื•ึฐื–ึตึฃืจึดืชึดึ”ื™ื ืœึฐื›ึนึ–ืœ ื”ึธืจึปื—ึฃื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตึ‘ืœึผึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนืึพื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถึฃื” ื”ึทื’ึผึ”ื•ึนื™ ืึฒืฉืึถึ›ืจ ืœึนืึพื™ึธื‘ึฅื•ึนื ืฉืึธึ–ื ื ึดื“ึผึฐื—ึตึฅื™ (ืขื•ืœื) [ืขึตื™ืœึธึฝื] ืƒ

English:

And I shall bring four winds against Elam from the four quarters of heaven, and scatter them to all those winds. There shall not be a nation to which the fugitives from Elam do not come.

God will bring winds from the four corners of heaven and scatter Eilam in every direction, until there is no nation where its refugees have not gone. Radak describes each wind blowing them toward the opposite side, so that they end up everywhere.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื– ยท Verse 37

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึฐืชึผึทืชึผึดึฃื™ ืึถืชึพืขึตึ ื™ืœึธึ ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึจื™ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื”ึถึœื ื•ึฐืœึดืคึฐื ึตึฃื™โ€‰ื€ ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึตึฃื™ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธึ—ื ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดึจื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถึงืโ€‰ื€โ€‰ืจึธืขึธึ›ื” ืึถืชึพื—ึฒืจึฅื•ึนืŸ ืึทืคึผึดึ–ื™ ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึฐืฉืึดืœึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดึคื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถืึ™ ืึถืชึพื”ึทื—ึถึ”ืจึถื‘ ืขึทึฅื“ ื›ึผึทืœึผื•ึนืชึดึ–ื™ ืื•ึนืชึธึฝืืƒ

English:

And I will break Elam before their enemies, before those who seek their lives; and I will bring disaster upon them, My flaming wrathโ€”declares GOD. And I will dispatch the sword after them until I have consumed them.

God will shatter Eilam before its enemies, bring disaster and His burning anger on it, and send the sword after its fleeing people until they are finished. Radak explains that God's anger comes because they harmed Israel. Metzudat David notes that the sword follows them to wherever they flee.

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื— ยท Verse 38

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดึฅื™ ื›ึดืกึฐืึดึ–ื™ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ืœึธึ‘ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึดึฅื™ ืžึดืฉืึผึธึ›ื ืžึถึฅืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึดึ–ื™ื ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

And I will set My throne in Elam, And wipe out from there king and officials โ€”says GOD.

God will set His throne in Eilam and destroy its king and officials. Rashi reads 'My throne' as 'My siege'. Radak cites Chazal who apply the verse to Vashti and to Haman and his ten sons, so that all would know that the rescue of Israel in exile came from God.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืฉืžืชื™ ื›ืกืื™. ืžืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื™:
And I will place My throne My siege (ืžึธืฆื•ึนืจ).

ืคืกื•ืง ืœืดื˜ ยท Verse 39

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธึฃื”โ€‰ื€ ื‘ึผึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึดึฃื™ืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดึ—ื™ื (ืืฉื•ื‘) [ืึธืฉืึดึ›ื™ื‘] ืึถืชึพ[ืฉืึฐื‘ึฅื•ึผืช] (ืฉื‘ื™ืช) ืขึตื™ืœึธึ–ื ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฝื”ืƒย {ืค}

English:

But in the days to come I will restore the fortunes of Elamโ€”declares GOD.

The chapter ends with hope: in the days to come God will restore Eilam's captives. Metzudat David explains that this will happen after a long time. Like Ammon in verse 6 and Moav at the end of chapter 48, Eilam's story does not end with destruction.

โ† Jeremiah 48 | Jeremiah 50 โ†’

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