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Nach YomiIsaiah ยท ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื•Chapter 49

Isaiah 49

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ืžืดื˜

Section: ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ยท ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื | Book: Isaiah | Chapter: 49 of 66 | Day: 196 of 742

Date: August 26, 2026

ืงืœืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื ืดืš

With chapter 49 the book of consolation enters a new movement. Chapters 40 through 48 were dominated by the polemic against Babylon and her idols and by the announcement of Koresh as the instrument of return; from this chapter through chapter 57 those names disappear, and the prophecy turns inward, to Zion personified as a bereaved mother and to the figure of the servant (ืขื‘ื“). The chapter is also woven into the liturgical year: it opens the haftara of Parashat Ekev, โ€œVatomer Tzionโ€ (ื•ืชืืžืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ), the second of the sheva dโ€™nechemta, the seven haftarot of consolation read in the weeks between Tisha Bโ€™Av and Rosh Hashana. Its power lies in its dialogue structure. The servant speaks and despairs; God answers and enlarges his mission. Zion speaks and accuses; God answers with the most tender maternal imagery in all of Tanakh.

The chapter opens with the servant summoning the distant coastlands (ืื™ื™ื): โ€œthe LORD called me from the wombโ€ (ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืงืจืื ื™). Rashi explains that while the prophet was still in the womb, it arose in the divine thought that his name should be Yeshayahu, to prophesy salvations (ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช) and consolations; Radak reads the whole passage as the prophet speaking of himself, explaining to the far-off nations why one man dares prophesy their downfall โ€” he has been designated for prophecy from birth. The paired images of verse 2, a mouth like a sharpened sword and a polished arrow (ื—ืฅ ื‘ืจื•ืจ) concealed in Godโ€™s quiver, are decoded by Radak with characteristic precision: a sword strikes what is near, Israel close at hand, while an arrow flies far, to the distant nations; and the hiding in the shadow of Godโ€™s hand is protection from all whom the prophetโ€™s rebukes provoke. Verse 3 names the servant outright: โ€œYou are My servant, Israel in whom I glory.โ€ Metzudat David explains that the prophet stands before God as the embodiment of the whole people, and Radak hears a master glorying in his faithful servant. When the servant collapses into despair โ€” โ€œI have labored in vainโ€ (ืœืจื™ืง ื™ื’ืขืชื™) โ€” Rashi supplies the consolation: โ€œmy right is with the LORDโ€ means God knows the failure came from the peopleโ€™s obstinacy, not from any negligence of the prophet, and his reward stands. God then answers with the chapterโ€™s most far-reaching promise: โ€œIt is too little that you should be My servantโ€ฆ I will make you a light of nationsโ€ (ืื•ืจ ื’ื•ื™ื). For Rashi this means prophesying the fall of Babylon, a joy to the whole world; for Radak, the nations who see the servantโ€™s prophecies fulfilled will turn to the good way and walk by his light, so that Godโ€™s salvation reaches the end of the earth.

Verses 8 through 13 unfold the return itself as a new exodus: prisoners told โ€œGo free,โ€ those in darkness told โ€œShow yourselves,โ€ a march home on which none hunger or thirst because โ€œthe One who loves themโ€ leads them to springs of water โ€” Radak hears in this the wonders of the going out of Egypt renewed โ€” while mountains become roads and the exiles stream in from all four compass points, even from the land of Sinim, which Rashi, following Targum Yonatan, identifies as the south. The heavens and earth are summoned to sing. And then, at verse 14, the boldest stroke: against this jubilation Zion herself is given a voice, and it is a voice of protest โ€” โ€œThe LORD has forsaken me, my Sovereign has forgotten me.โ€ Radak explains that the city, mother of all Israel, laments the children who have gone from her, and that the sheer length of the exile made it seem that God had truly forgotten. Godโ€™s answer is unmatched in its tenderness: โ€œCan a woman forget her nursing child?โ€ฆ Though she might forget, I never could forget you.โ€ Radak observes that even in the rare case of a cruel mother who forgets, the divine compassion does not fail. โ€œI have engraved you on the palms of My handsโ€ โ€” Rashi explains: it is as if Zion is carved upon Godโ€™s very hands, to be seen and remembered at every moment, her ruined walls ever before Him.

The remainder of the chapter turns Zionโ€™s bereavement inside out. Her children hasten back while her wreckers depart from her โ€” Metzudat David and Radak both read โ€œthose who ravaged youโ€ (ืžื”ืจืกื™ืš) as the sinners within, so that the rebuilt city will hold no destroyer; the returnees adorn her like a brideโ€™s jewels, sworn by the divine oath โ€œAs I liveโ€; the land grows too narrow for its settlers, and the astonished mother asks, โ€œWho bore these for me?โ€ Kings become her foster fathers (ืื•ืžื ื™ืš) and queens her nursing mothers, bowing with faces to the ground โ€” not, Metzudat David insists, for Israelโ€™s own sake but for the sake of the LORD who kept faith. The chapter closes with a debate: the nations ask whether prey can ever be taken from a warrior, which Rashi reads as the claim that Yaakovโ€™s captives can never be wrested from mighty Esav. Godโ€™s reply dismantles both the captorโ€™s strength and his pretended right โ€” Radak, citing his father, notes that the captors are not โ€œrighteousโ€ in their possession but tyrannical (ืขืจื™ืฅ), having seized Israel by force โ€” and ends with the purpose of it all: โ€œand all flesh shall know that I the LORD am your Savior, and your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Yaakovโ€ (ืื‘ื™ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘). Those who hope in Him, the chapter promises, will not be shamed (ืœื ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืงื•ื™).

ืคืจืง ืžืดื˜ ยท Chapter 49

ืคืกื•ืง ืืณ ยท Verse 1

Hebrew:

ืฉืึดืžึฐืขึคื•ึผ ืึดื™ึผึดื™ืึ™ ืึตืœึทึ”ื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึฐืฉืึดึฅื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดึ–ื™ื ืžึตืจึธื—ึ‘ื•ึนืง ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ืžึดื‘ึผึถึฃื˜ึถืŸ ืงึฐืจึธืึธึ”ื ึดื™ ืžึดืžึผึฐืขึตึฅื™ ืึดืžึผึดึ–ื™ ื”ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึดึฅื™ืจ ืฉืึฐืžึดึฝื™ืƒ

English:

Listen, O coastlands, to me,And give heed, O nations afar: GOD appointed me before I was born,Naming me while I was in my motherโ€™s womb.

The prophet summons the distant coastlands and nations to hear that he was designated before birth. Rashi explains that while he was still in the womb, the divine thought arose that his name should be Yeshayahu, to prophesy salvations (yeshuot) and consolations; Radak adds that this prenatal calling answers the nations' astonishment that he dares prophesy doom upon them.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืงืจืื ื™. ืžืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืขืœืชื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ ื™ืฉืขื™' ืœื”ื ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืขื•' ื•ื ื—ืžื•':
called me from the womb When I was still in the womb, the thought came before Him that my name should be Isaiah (ื™ึฐืฉืึทืขึฐื™ึธื”) to prophesy salvations (ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขื•ึนืช) and consolations.

ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืณ ยท Verse 2

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึธึคืฉื‚ึถื ืคึผึดื™ึ™ ื›ึผึฐื—ึถึฃืจึถื‘ ื—ึทื“ึผึธึ”ื” ื‘ึผึฐืฆึตึฅืœ ื™ึธื“ึ–ื•ึน ื”ึถื—ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืึธึ‘ื ึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ืžึตึ™ื ึดื™ึ™ ืœึฐื—ึตึฃืฅ ื‘ึผึธืจึ”ื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืฉืึฐืคึผึธืชึ–ื•ึน ื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึดื™ืจึธึฝื ึดื™ืƒ

English:

My mouth was made to be like a sharpened blade,While I was hidden in the shadow of a divine hand,So that I was like a polished arrowโ€”Concealed in Godโ€™s quiver.

God made the prophet's mouth a sharpened sword and himself a polished arrow hidden in the divine quiver. Radak explains the pairing: a sword strikes what is near โ€” Israel, close at hand โ€” while an arrow flies far, to the distant nations; and Rashi notes that being concealed in the shadow of God's hand means protection from those his rebukes provoke.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ื™ืฉื ืคื™ ื›ื—ืจื‘ ื—ื“ื”. ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื ื‘ืื•' ืขืœื™ื”ื ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช: ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ื“ื• ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืื ื™. ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจืข ืœื™: ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ืžืžื•ืจื˜ ืงืœื™"ืจ ื‘ืœืข"ื–: ื‘ืืฉืคืชื•. ื›ืœื™ ื ืจืชืง ื”ื—ืฆื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื™ื›ืจ"ื ื‘ืœืข"ื–:
And He made my mouth like a sharp sword to castigate the wicked and to prophesy retribution upon them. He concealed me in the shadow of His hand that they be unable to harm me. into a polished arrow Heb. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืจ, [lit. clear,] polished, kler in O.F. in His quiver A receptacle used as a case for arrows, called koujjbre in O.F.

ืคืกื•ืง ื’ืณ ยท Verse 3

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึนึฅืืžึถืจ ืœึดึ–ื™ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ึพืึธึ‘ืชึผึธื” ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ•ืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพื‘ึผึฐืšึธึ– ืึถืชึฐืคึผึธืึธึฝืจืƒ

English:

And [God] said to me, โ€œYou are My servant,Israel in whom I glory.โ€

God declares: 'You are My servant, Israel in whom I glory.' Metzudat David explains that the prophet stands before God as the embodiment of all Israel, in whom God glories as in the whole people; Radak hears a master glorying in his faithful servant, ready for his mission.

ืคืกื•ืง ื“ืณ ยท Verse 4

Hebrew:

ื•ึทืึฒื ึดึคื™ ืึธืžึทึ™ืจึฐืชึผึดื™ึ™ ืœึฐืจึดึฃื™ืง ื™ึธื’ึทึ”ืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืชึนึฅื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึถึ–ื‘ึถืœ ื›ึผึนื—ึดึฃื™ ื›ึดืœึผึตึ‘ื™ืชึดื™ ืึธื›ึตืŸึ™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดึฃื™ ืึถืชึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ื•ึผืคึฐืขึปืœึผึธืชึดึ–ื™ ืึถืชึพืึฑืœึนื”ึธึฝื™ืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

I thought, โ€œI have labored in vain,I have spent my strength for empty breath.โ€But my case rested with GOD,My recompense was in the hands of my God.

The servant despairs: 'I have labored in vain' โ€” the people did not heed his rebuke. Rashi explains the consolation of 'my case rested with GOD': He knows the failure came from the people's obstinacy, not the prophet's negligence, and Metzudat David adds that his reward therefore remains fully secure.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืจื™ืง ื™ื’ืขืชื™. ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื: ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืช ื”'. ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืืชื™ ืืœื ืžืืชื:
And I said, I toiled in vain when I saw that I admonish them and they do not obey. Yet surely my right is with the Lord He knows that it is not from me but from them [i.e., He knows that their failure to obey is not due to my laziness, but to their obstinacy].

ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืณ ยท Verse 5

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธึฃื”โ€‰ื€ ืึธืžึทึฃืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ—ื” ื™ึฝื•ึนืฆึฐืจึดึคื™ ืžึดื‘ึผึถึ™ื˜ึถืŸึ™ ืœึฐืขึถึฃื‘ึถื“ ืœึ”ื•ึน ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื‘ึตึคื‘ ื™ึทึฝืขึฒืงึนื‘ึ™ ืึตืœึธึ”ื™ื• ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ (ืœื) [ืœึฃื•ึน] ื™ึตืึธืกึตึ‘ืฃ ื•ึฐืึถื›ึผึธื‘ึตื“ึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึตึฃื™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึทึ–ื™ ื”ึธื™ึธึฅื” ืขึปื–ึผึดึฝื™ืƒ

English:

And now GOD has resolvedโ€”The One who formed me in the womb to be of serviceโ€”To bring back JacobAnd restoreabring backโ€ฆrestore I.e., both to the land of Israel and to a state of closeness with GOD. Israel.And I have been honored in the sight of GOD,My God has been my strength.

The One who formed the servant from the womb charges him to bring Yaakov back. Rashi reads 'restored to Him' as return in repentance; Metzudat David notes the reassurance that even if this generation does not listen, the servant will be honored in God's eyes and God will be his strength against those who would harm him.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื• ื™ืืกืฃ. ืืœื™ื• ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘':
shall be gathered to Him To Him they shall return in repentance.

ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืณ ยท Verse 6

Hebrew:

ื•ึทื™ึผึนึ—ืืžึถืจ ื ึธืงึตึจืœ ืžึดึฝื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึฐืšึธึฅ ืœึดื™ึ™ ืขึถึ”ื‘ึถื“ ืœึฐื”ึธืงึดื™ืึ™ ืึถืชึพืฉืึดื‘ึฐื˜ึตึฃื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนึ”ื‘ (ื•ื ืฆื™ืจื™) [ื•ึผื ึฐืฆื•ึผืจึตึฅื™] ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ืœึฐื”ึธืฉืึดึ‘ื™ื‘ ื•ึผื ึฐืชึทืชึผึดึ™ื™ืšึธึ™ ืœึฐืึฃื•ึนืจ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ”ื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ึฅื•ึนืช ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธืชึดึ–ื™ ืขึทื“ึพืงึฐืฆึตึฅื” ื”ึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

And [God] has said:โ€œIt is too little that you should be My servantIn that I raise up the tribes of JacobAnd restore the survivors of Israel:I will also make you a lightblight I.e., the agent of good fortune; cf. 42.1โ€“4; 51.4โ€“5. of nations,That My salvation may reach the ends of the earth.โ€

God declares it 'too little' for the servant merely to restore the tribes of Yaakov โ€” He makes him a 'light of nations' (or goyim). Rashi refers this to prophesying the downfall of Babylon, a joy for the whole world; Radak explains that when the nations see the prophecies fulfilled they will turn to the good way and walk by that light, so God's salvation reaches the ends of the earth.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื ืงืœ ืžื”ื™ื•ืชืš ื•ื’ื•'. ืžืชื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉืชื”ื ืœืš ื–ืืช ืœื‘ื“ื” ืฉืชื”ื ืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืœื™ ื ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื•ื ืชืชื™ืš ืœืื•ืจ ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ื‘ื ืขืœ ืžืคืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื•ื ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืžื• (ืžืฉืœื™ ื–ืณ:ื™ืณ) ื•ื ืฆื•ืจืช ืœื‘ ืฉืœื‘ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”:
And He said, "It is too light for you to be, etc." In My eyes, it is too small a gift that you should have this alone, that you be My servant to establish Jacob and to bring back to Me the besieged of Israel, and behold I add more to you, "And I will make you a light for the nations," to prophesy concerning the downfall of Babylon, which will be a joy for the whole world. and the besieged of Israel Heb. ื•ึผื ึฐืฆื•ึผืจึตื™. Comp. (Prov. 7:10) "With a heart surrounded by evil thoughts (ื•ึผื ึฐืฆึปืจึทืช)," that their heart is surrounded by the inclination of sinful thoughts, like a city besieged by a bulwark of those who besiege it.

ืคืกื•ืง ื–ืณ ยท Verse 7

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึนึฃื” ืึธึฝืžึทืจึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึฉ ื’ึผึนืึตึจืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึœืœ ืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึ—ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐื–ึนื”ึพื ึถึœืคึถืฉื ืœึดืžึฐืชึธึคืขึตึฝื‘ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึ™ ืœึฐืขึถึฃื‘ึถื“ ืžึนืฉืึฐืœึดึ”ื™ื ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ืึ™ ื™ึดืจึฐืึฃื•ึผ ื•ึธืงึธึ”ืžื•ึผ ืฉื‚ึธืจึดึ–ื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึดึฝืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึ‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึทึคืขึทืŸ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ื ึถืึฑืžึธึ”ืŸ ืงึฐื“ึนึฅืฉื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึฐื—ึธืจึถึฝืšึผึธืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

Thus said GOD,The Redeemer of Israel, his Holy One,To the despised one,To the abhorred nations,cTo the despised one, / To the abhorred nations Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields โ€œWhose being is despised, / Whose body is detestedโ€; cf. 51.23. To the slave of rulers:Kings shall see and stand up;Nobles, and they shall prostrate themselvesโ€”To the honor of GOD, who is faithful,To the Holy One of Israel who chose you.

Israel โ€” despised, abhorred by the nations, a slave to rulers โ€” will see kings rise and princes bow. Radak stresses that this reversal happens 'for the sake of the LORD': the nations will honor Israel because they recognize God is with them; Rashi ties God's faithfulness to the promise made to Avraham concerning the kingdoms at the Covenant between the Parts.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœื‘ื–ื” ื ืคืฉ. ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื”: ืœืžืชืขื‘ ื’ื•ื™. ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ืžืชืขื‘ื•: ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ืจืื•. ืื•ืชื• ื•ืงืžื•: ืืฉืจ ื ืืžืŸ. ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื ื” ืชื ื•ืจ ืขืฉืŸ ื•ื’ื•' (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ืดื•:ื™ืดื–): ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ื•ื™ื‘ื—ืจืš:
about him who is despised of men Heb. ืœึดื‘ึฐื–ึนื” ื ึถืคึถืฉื, a despised soul, about Israel, who are despised. about him whom the nation abhors About him whom the nation abhors, and he is a slave to those who rule over him. Kings shall see him and rise. Who is faithful to keep His promise that He promised Abraham concerning the kingdoms, as the matter is stated (Gen. 15:17): "And behold a smoking stove, etc." the Holy One of Israel is He, and He chose you.

ืคืกื•ืง ื—ืณ ยท Verse 8

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึนึฃื”โ€‰ื€ ืึธืžึทึฃืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ—ื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึตึคืช ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸึ™ ืขึฒื ึดื™ืชึดึ”ื™ืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึฅื•ึนื ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธึ–ื” ืขึฒื–ึทืจึฐืชึผึดึ‘ื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืฆึผื‡ืจึฐืšึธึ— ื•ึฐืึถืชึผึถื ึฐืšึธึ™ ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึดึฃื™ืช ืขึธึ”ื ืœึฐื”ึธืงึดึฃื™ื ืึถึ”ืจึถืฅ ืœึฐื”ึทื ึฐื—ึดึ–ื™ืœ ื ึฐื—ึธืœึฅื•ึนืช ืฉืึนืžึตืžึฝื•ึนืชืƒ

English:

Thus said GOD:In an hour of favor I answer you,And on a day of salvation I help youโ€”I created you and appointed you a covenant peopleda covenant people See the first note at 42.6.โ€”Restoring the land,Allotting anew the desolate holdings,

In an 'et ratzon' (hour of favor) God answers Israel and appoints them a covenant people to restore the desolate land. Rashi identifies the hour of favor with the time of prayer and the land with Eretz Yisrael, chosen from all lands; Radak reads a promise of preservation in every generation until the ruins are resettled and the desolate holdings inherited in the days of Mashiach.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื‘ืขืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืช ืชืคืœื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืจืฆื” ื•ืžืชืคื™ื™ืก ืœืคื ื™: ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืขื”. ืฉืชื”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื”: ื•ืืฆืจืš. ื•ืืฉืžืจืš: ืœื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื™: ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืจืฅ. ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช:
In a time of favor In the time of prayer, when you seek My favor and appease Me. and on a day of salvation When you need salvation. and I will watch you Heb. ื•ึฐืึถืฆึผึธืจึฐืšึธ, and I will watch you. for a people of a covenant to be a people of a covenant to Me. to establish a land The land of Israel, chosen by Me from all lands.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืณ ยท Verse 9

Hebrew:

ืœึตืืžึนึคืจ ืœึทึฝืึฒืกื•ึผืจึดื™ืึ™ ืฆึตึ”ืื•ึผ ืœึทืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื‘ึผึทื—ึนึ–ืฉืึถืšึฐ ื”ึดื’ึผึธืœึ‘ื•ึผ ืขึทืœึพื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึดึฃื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐืขึ”ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ื‡ืœึพืฉืึฐืคึธื™ึดึ–ื™ื ืžึทืจึฐืขึดื™ืชึธึฝืืƒ

English:

Saying to the prisoners, โ€œGo free,โ€œTo those who are in darkness, โ€œShow yourselves.โ€They shall pasture along the roads,On every bare height shall be their pasture.

The redeemed are told 'Go free' from their imprisonment and 'Show yourselves' from the darkness, finding pasture even along the roads and bare heights. Radak explains that exile is like a prison and like darkness, and that on the way home the returnees will find provision even in places where travelers normally find nothing.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืœืืกื•ืจื™ื ืฆืื•. ืœืขืช ืืฉืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืืกื•ืจื™ ื’ื•ืœื” ืฆืื•: ืฉืคื™ื™ื. ืชืจื’ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื ื’ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ื—ืœื™ ืžื™ื:
To say to the prisoners, "Go out!" At the time I will say to the prisoners of the exile, "Go out!" rivers Jonathan renders: ื ึทื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืŸ, streams of water.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืณ ยท Verse 10

Hebrew:

ืœึนึคื ื™ึดืจึฐืขึธึ™ื‘ื•ึผึ™ ื•ึฐืœึนึฃื ื™ึดืฆึฐืžึธึ”ืื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนืึพื™ึทื›ึผึตึฅื ืฉืึธืจึธึ–ื‘ ื•ึธืฉืึธึ‘ืžึถืฉื ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืžึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึธึฃื ื™ึฐื ึทื”ึฒื’ึตึ”ื ื•ึฐืขึทืœึพืžึทื‘ึผึฅื•ึผืขึตื™ ืžึทึ–ื™ึดื ื™ึฐื ึทื”ึฒืœึตึฝืืƒ

English:

They shall not hunger or thirst,Hot wind and sun shall not strike them;For the One who loves them will lead themAnd will guide them to springs of water.

On the journey home there will be no hunger, thirst, or scorching heat (sharav), 'for the One who loves them will lead them' to springs of water. Radak sees this as open miracle, like the wonders of the Exodus โ€” God opening fountains in the desert and making food grow along the way.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืฉืจื‘. ื—ื•ื:
heat Heb. ืฉืึธืจึธื‘, heat.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื ยท Verse 11

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดึฅื™ ื›ื‡ืœึพื”ึธืจึทึ–ื™ ืœึทื“ึผึธึ‘ืจึถืšึฐ ื•ึผืžึฐืกึดืœึผึนืชึทึ–ื™ ื™ึฐืจึปืžึฝื•ึผืŸืƒ

English:

I will make all My mountains a road,And My highways shall be built up.

God will turn all His mountains into a road and build up His highways for the returning exiles. Rashi contrasts this with the desolation described earlier in the book, when the wayfarer ceased and highways lay ruined; Radak notes the striking possessives 'My mountains' and 'My highways' โ€” God Himself carves new roads through trackless wilderness.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืฉืžืชื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื™ ืœื“ืจืš. ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ (ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื’) ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืจื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™': ื•ืžืกืœื•ืชื™ ื™ืจื•ืžื•ืŸ. ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ (ืฉื) ื ืฉืžื• ืžืกืœื•ืช ื ืชืงืœืงืœื• ืžืื™ืŸ ืžืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ืžืกื™ืœื•ืชื™ ื™ืจื•ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืชืงื ื• ืงื™ืœืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืื•ืชื ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื™ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืขืคืจ:
And I will make all My mountains into a road In contrast to what he said concerning the days of its ruin (supra 33:8) "The wayfarer has stopped," now the wayfarers shall return and go therein. and My highways shall be raised In contrast to what he said (ibid.): "Highways have become desolate," deteriorated with no one to repair them, now My highways shall be raised, they shall repair the deterioration of the roads and raise them as is customary, with smooth pebbles and earth.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื‘ ยท Verse 12

Hebrew:

ื”ึดื ึผึตื”ึพืึตึ•ืœึผึถื” ืžึตืจึธื—ึ–ื•ึนืง ื™ึธื‘ึนึ‘ืื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดึฝื ึผึตื”ึพืึตึ™ืœึผึถื”ึ™ ืžึดืฆึผึธืคึฃื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึธึ”ื ื•ึฐืึตึ–ืœึผึถื” ืžึตืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืกึดื™ื ึดึฝื™ืืƒ

English:

Look! These are coming from afar,These from the north and the west,And these from the land of Sinim.eSinim 1QIsแตƒ reads โ€œthe Syeniansโ€; cf. Ezek. 30.6.

The exiles stream home from every direction โ€” from afar, from the north and the west, and from the land of Sinim, which Rashi, following Targum Yonatan, identifies as the south. Radak observes that all four compass points are intended, for Israel is scattered among them all, with the east called 'afar' because it lies farthest from the land of Israel.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืžืืจืฅ ืกื™ื ื™ื. ืžืืจืข ื“ืจื•ืžื:
from the land of Sinim [Jonathan renders:] from the southland.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื’ ยท Verse 13

Hebrew:

ืจื‡ื ึผึคื•ึผ ืฉืึธืžึทึ™ื™ึดืึ™ ื•ึฐื’ึดึฃื™ืœึดื™ ืึธึ”ืจึถืฅ (ื™ืคืฆื—ื•) [ื•ึผืคึดืฆึฐื—ึฅื•ึผ] ื”ึธืจึดึ–ื™ื ืจึดื ึผึธึ‘ื” ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื ึดื—ึทึคื ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ืขึทืžึผ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝื•ึน ื•ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ึผึธึ–ื™ื• ื™ึฐืจึทื—ึตึฝืืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

Shout, O heavens, and rejoice, O earth!Break into shouting, O hills!For GOD has comforted this people,And has taken back its afflicted ones in love.

Heavens, earth, and mountains are summoned to burst into song, 'for GOD has comforted this people.' Metzudat David reads the cosmic address as poetic language for the abundance of joy that will fill the world; Radak explains it is as if the whole world rejoices when Israel goes out from the exile.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื›ื™ ื ื—ื ื”'. ืืช ืขืžื•:
for the Lord has consoled His people.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื“ ยท Verse 14

Hebrew:

ื•ึทืชึผึนึฅืืžึถืจ ืฆึดื™ึผึ–ื•ึนืŸ ืขึฒื–ึธื‘ึทึฃื ึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึทืื“ึนื ึธึ–ื™ ืฉืึฐื›ึตื—ึธึฝื ึดื™ืƒ

English:

Zion says,โ€œGOD has forsaken me,My Sovereign has forgotten me.โ€

The dialogue pivots: against the jubilation, Zion herself speaks her despair โ€” 'GOD has forsaken me, my Sovereign has forgotten me.' Radak explains that the city, mother of all Israel, laments the children exiled from her, and that the sheer length of the exile made it seem that God had truly forgotten; Rashi notes that this was Zion's mistaken assumption, about to be answered.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืชืืžืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืฉื›ื—ืชื™ื”:
And Zion said She thought that I had forgotten her.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืดื• ยท Verse 15

Hebrew:

ื”ึฒืชึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทึคื— ืึดืฉืึผึธื”ึ™ ืขื•ึผืœึธึ”ื”ึผ ืžึตืจึทื—ึตึ–ื ื‘ึผึถืŸึพื‘ึผึดื˜ึฐื ึธึ‘ื”ึผ ื’ึผึทืึพืึตึฃืœึผึถื” ืชึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทึ”ื—ึฐื ึธื” ื•ึฐืึธื ึนื›ึดึ–ื™ ืœึนึฅื ืึถืฉืึฐื›ึผึธื—ึตึฝืšึฐืƒ

English:

Can a woman forget her baby,Or disown the child of her womb?Though she might forget,I never could forget you.

God answers with the most tender image in the chapter: 'Can a woman forget her baby, or disown the child of her womb?' Radak explains that a mother's compassion for her nursing infant is the strongest in nature, yet even in the rare case of a cruel mother who forgets, 'I never could forget you' โ€” the divine compassion exceeds even a mother's.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ืชืฉื›ื— ืืฉื” ืขื•ืœื”. ืขื•ืœืœ ืฉืœื”: ืžืจื—ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื ื”. ืžืœืจื—ื ืขืœ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื ื”: ื’ื ืืœื” ืชืฉื›ื—ื ื”. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืœื” ืชืฉื›ื—ื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืืฉื›ื—ืš:
Shall a woman forget her sucking child Heb. ืขื•ึผืœึธื”ึผ, similar to ืขื•ึนืœึตืœ. from having mercy on the child of her womb Heb. ืžึตืจึถื—ึถื ื‘ึผึถืŸ-ื‘ึผึดื˜ึฐื ึธื”ึผ. These too shall forget Even if these forget, I will not forget you.

ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ืดื– ยท Verse 16

Hebrew:

ื”ึตึฅืŸ ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึทืคึผึทึ–ื™ึดื ื—ึทืงึผึนืชึดึ‘ื™ืšึฐ ื—ื•ึนืžึนืชึทึฅื™ึดืšึฐ ื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผึดึ–ื™ ืชึผึธืžึดึฝื™ื“ืƒ

English:

See, I have engraved youOn the palms of My hands,Your walls are ever before Me.

'See, I have engraved you on the palms of My hands' โ€” Zion's memory is inscribed on God Himself. Rashi explains: it is as if you are carved upon My hands, to see you and remember you constantly; Radak adds that the 'walls' ever before God are Zion's ruined walls, held in view until they are rebuilt.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืขืœ ื›ืคื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืคื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืช ื—ืงื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื›ืคื™ ืœืจืื•ืชืš ื•ืœื–ื›ืจืš ืชืžื™ื“, ื“"ื ืขืœ ื›ืคื™ื ืžืขืœ ืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื• (ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื‘) ืขืœ ื›ืคื™ื ื›ืกื” ืื•ืจ:
Behold on [My] hands Heb. ืขึทืœ-ื›ึผึทืคึผึทื™ึดื [lit. on hands]. I see you as though you are engraved on My hands, to see you and always to remember you. Another explanation is: ืขึทืœ-ื›ึผึทืคึผึทื™ึดื "from upon the clouds of glory." Comp. (Job 36:32) "On the clouds (ื›ึผึทืคึผึทื™ึดื) He covered the rain."

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื– ยท Verse 17

Hebrew:

ืžึดื”ึฒืจึ–ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึธื ึธึ‘ื™ึดืšึฐ ืžึฐื”ึธึฝืจึฐืกึทึฅื™ึดืšึฐ ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ื‘ึทึ–ื™ึดืšึฐ ืžึดืžึผึตึฅืšึฐ ื™ึตืฆึตึฝืื•ึผืƒ

English:

Swiftly your children are coming;Those who ravaged and ruined you shall leave you.

'Swiftly your children are coming,' while those who ravaged and ruined Zion depart from her. Metzudat David and Radak both read 'meharsayich' (your wreckers) as the sinners within โ€” those who caused the destruction will leave, so that no transgressor remains in the rebuilt city and the ruin can never recur.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืžื”ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ืš. ืœืฉื•ื‘:
Your sons have hastened to return.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื— ยท Verse 18

Hebrew:

ืฉื‚ึฐืึดึฝื™ึพืกึธื‘ึดึคื™ื‘ ืขึตื™ื ึทึ™ื™ึดืšึฐึ™ ื•ึผืจึฐืึดึ”ื™ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธึ–ื ื ึดืงึฐื‘ึผึฐืฆึฃื•ึผ ื‘ึธึฝืื•ึผึพืœึธึ‘ืšึฐ ื—ึทื™ึพืึธึฃื ึดื™ ื ึฐืึปืึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ—ื” ื›ึผึดึคื™ ื›ึปืœึผึธืึ™ ื›ึผึธืขึฒื“ึดึฃื™ ืชึดืœึฐื‘ึผึธึ”ืฉืึดื™ ื•ึผึฝืชึฐืงึทืฉืึผึฐืจึดึ–ื™ื ื›ึผึทื›ึผึทืœึผึธึฝื”ืƒ

English:

Look up all around you and see:They are all assembled, are come to you!As I liveโ€”declares GODโ€”You shall don them all like jewels,Deck yourself with them like a bride.

Zion is told to lift her eyes and see her gathered children adorning her like a bride's jewels. Radak notes the divine oath 'As I live' โ€” an irrevocable pledge that the ingathering from every direction will come; Metzudat David pictures the children worn like ornaments and bound like the ribbons of a bride.

ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืดื˜ ยท Verse 19

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดึคื™ ื—ื‡ืจึฐื‘ึนืชึทึ™ื™ึดืšึฐึ™ ื•ึฐืฉืึนึฃืžึฐืžึนืชึทึ”ื™ึดืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึถึ–ืจึถืฅ ื”ึฒืจึดืกึปืชึตึ‘ืšึฐ ื›ึผึดึคื™ ืขึทืชึผึธื”ึ™ ืชึผึตืฆึฐืจึดึฃื™ ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนืฉืึตึ”ื‘ ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึฒืงึ–ื•ึผ ืžึฐื‘ึทืœึผึฐืขึธึฝื™ึดืšึฐืƒ

English:

As for your ruins and desolate placesAnd your land laid wasteโ€”You shall soon be crowded with settlers,While destroyers stay far from you.

Zion's ruins and desolate places will be so thronged with settlers that the land becomes too narrow, while destroyers stay far away. Rashi pictures the place too crowded even to build houses; Radak adds that the ravagers will be kept at the ends of the earth, never again entering her borders.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ืชืฆืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘. ืชื”ื™ ืฆืจื” ืžืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ืื• ืœืชื•ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ ืœื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจ ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื:
you shall be crowded by the inhabitants You shall be crowded by the multitude of inhabitants that shall come into your midst. The place shall be too narrow for them to build houses for themselves.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืณ ยท Verse 20

Hebrew:

ืขึšื•ึนื“ ื™ึนืืžึฐืจึฃื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืื‡ื–ึฐื ึทึ”ื™ึด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตึ–ื™ ืฉืึดื›ึผึปืœึธึ‘ื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึทืจึพืœึดึฅื™ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงึ–ื•ึนื ื’ึผึฐืฉืึธื”ึพืœึผึดึฅื™ ื•ึฐืึตืฉืึตึฝื‘ึธื”ืƒ

English:

The children you thought you had lostfyou thought you had lost Lit. โ€œof your bereavement.โ€ Shall yet say in your hearing,โ€œThe place is too crowded for me;Make room for me to settle.โ€

The children Zion thought she had lost will complain in her hearing: 'The place is too crowded for me โ€” make room for me to settle.' Metzudat David pictures each one telling his fellow to move over so that he too can sit โ€” the language of abundance replacing the language of bereavement.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื™ืš. ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ืžื”ื: ื’ืฉื” ืœื™. ื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืฆื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื•ืืฉื‘ื”:
Your children of whom you were bereaved [lit. the children of your bereavements.] The children of whom you were bereaved. move over for me [lit. approach for me.] Draw closer to another side for me, and I will dwell.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื ยท Verse 21

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐืึธืžึทึฃืจึฐืชึผึฐ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึตึ—ืšึฐ ืžึดึคื™ ื™ึธึฝืœึทื“ึพืœึดื™ึ™ ืึถืชึพืึตึ”ืœึผึถื” ื•ึทืึฒื ึดึฅื™ ืฉืึฐื›ื•ึผืœึธึ–ื” ื•ึฐื’ึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ึธึ‘ื” ื’ึผึนืœึธึฃื”โ€‰ื€ ื•ึฐืกื•ึผืจึธึ—ื” ื•ึฐืึตึ™ืœึผึถื”ึ™ ืžึดึฃื™ ื’ึดื“ึผึตึ”ืœ ื”ึตึคืŸ ืึฒื ึดื™ึ™ ื ึดืฉืึฐืึทึฃืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึดึ”ื™ ืึตึ–ืœึผึถื” ืึตื™ืคึนึฅื” ื”ึตึฝืืƒย {ืค}

English:

And you will say to yourself,โ€œWho bore these for meWhen I was bereaved and barren,Exiled and disdainedgdisdained Meaning of Heb. uncertain.โ€”By whom, then, were these reared?I was left all aloneโ€”And where have these been?โ€

Zion asks in astonishment, 'Who bore these for me?' โ€” she had been bereaved, barren, exiled, and disdained. Radak explains 'galmuda' as utterly solitary, her children gone from her; Rashi renders 'sura' as rejected by all, everyone saying 'turn away from her.' The wondering question dramatizes how unimaginable the ingathering is.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื’ืœืžื•ื“ื”. ืฉื•ืœื“ื ื‘ืœืข"ื–: ื•ืกื•ืจื”. ืžื•ืกืจืช ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ื›ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ ืกื•ืจื• ืžืžื ื”:
and solitary solede in O.F. rejected Rejected by everyone. All say about me, "Turn away from her."

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื‘ ยท Verse 22

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึนื”ึพืึธืžึทึžืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธึฃื™ ื™ึฑื”ึนื•ึดึ—ื” ื”ึดื ึผึตึจื” ืึถืฉื‚ึผึธึคื ืึถืœึพื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดืึ™ ื™ึธื“ึดึ”ื™ ื•ึฐืึถืœึพืขึทืžึผึดึ–ื™ื ืึธืจึดึฃื™ื ื ึดืกึผึดึ‘ื™ ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึดึคื™ืื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ึทึ™ื™ึดืšึฐึ™ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึนึ”ืฆึถืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึนืชึทึ–ื™ึดืšึฐ ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึธืชึตึฅืฃ ืชึผึดื ึผึธืฉื‚ึถึฝืื ึธื”ืƒ

English:

Thus said my Sovereign GOD:I will raise My hand to nationsAnd lift up My ensign to peoples;And they shall bring your sons in their bosoms,And carry your daughters on their backs.

God answers the question: He will raise His hand and lift His banner (nes) to the nations, who will carry Zion's sons in their bosoms and her daughters on their shoulders. Rashi explains the banner as a signal-pole for gathering the exiles; Metzudat David adds that the nations will bring Israel home with great honor.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื™ื“ื™. ื ืกื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ืœื™ื•ืช: ื ืกื™. ืคื™ืจืงื ื‘ืœืข"ื– ื›ืžื• ื•ื›ื ืก ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” (ืœืขื™ืœ ืœ) ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื‘ื’ื“: ื‘ื—ื•ืฆืŸ. ืื™ื™ืฉื™ืœ"ื ื‘ืœืข"ื– ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื• ื‘ืขื–ืจื ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ ื—ืฆื ื™ ื ืขืจืชื™ (ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื”):
My hand...My standard A signal to bring the exiles. a standard Perka in O.F., [perche in modern French,] a pole. Comp. (supra 30:17) "And like a flagpole (ื•ึฐื›ึทื ึผึตืก) on a hill." It is a signal for gathering, and they place a cloth [a flag] on the end of it. in their armpits Ajjsela [aisela] in O.F., [aisselle in modern French]. Comp. Ezra (Neh. 5:13): "Also I shook out my armpit (ื—ึธืฆึฐื ึดื™)."

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื’ ยท Verse 23

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึจื•ึผ ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดึœื™ื ืึนืžึฐื ึทึ—ื™ึดืšึฐ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึฝื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถืึ™ ืžึตื™ื ึดึฃื™ืงึนืชึทึ”ื™ึดืšึฐ ืึทืคึผึทึ—ื™ึดื ืึถึšืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทึฃื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึธึ”ืšึฐ ื•ึทืขึฒืคึทึฅืจ ืจึทื’ึฐืœึทึ–ื™ึดืšึฐ ื™ึฐืœึทื—ึตึ‘ื›ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึทึ™ืขึทืชึผึฐึ™ ื›ึผึดื™ึพืึฒื ึดึฃื™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืœึนืึพื™ึตื‘ึนึ–ืฉืื•ึผ ืงึนื•ึธึฝื™ืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

Kings shall tend your children,Their queens shall serve you as nurses.They shall bow to you, face to the ground,And lick the dust of your feet.And you shall know that I am GODโ€”Those who trust in Me shall not be shamed.

Kings will be Zion's foster fathers and their queens her nursing mothers, bowing with faces to the ground. Radak reads the closing line as the answer to the long exile: God can bring low and raise high, and those who hope in Him (kovai) will never be shamed โ€” their hope through the long night of exile was not lost.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื“ ยท Verse 24

Hebrew:

ื”ึฒื™ึปืงึผึทึฅื— ืžึดื’ึผึดื‘ึผึ–ื•ึนืจ ืžึทืœึฐืงึ‘ื•ึนื—ึท ื•ึฐืึดืึพืฉืึฐื‘ึดึฅื™ ืฆึทื“ึผึดึ–ื™ืง ื™ึดืžึผึธืœึตึฝื˜ืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

Can spoil be taken from a warrior,Or captives retrieved from a victor?

The skeptical question: can spoil be taken from a warrior, or captives retrieved from a victor? Rashi and Metzudat David read it as doubting whether the captives of Yaakov the righteous can ever be wrested from mighty Esav; Radak puts the words in the nations' mouths โ€” they claim to hold Israel both by strength and by right.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื”ื™ื•ืงื— ืžื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœืงื•ื—. ื›ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืืชื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืขืฉื• ืžืœืงื•ื— ืฉื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง:
Shall prey be taken from a mighty warrior You think that it is impossible to take from Esau those captured from Jacob the righteous one.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื” ยท Verse 25

Hebrew:

ื›ึผึดื™ึพื›ึนึฃื”โ€‰ื€ ืึธืžึทึฃืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ—ื” ื’ึผึทืึพืฉืึฐื‘ึดึคื™ ื’ึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึ™ ื™ึปืงึผึธึ”ื— ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐืงึฅื•ึนื—ึท ืขึธืจึดึ–ื™ืฅ ื™ึดืžึผึธืœึตึ‘ื˜ ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื™ึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึตืšึฐึ™ ืึธื ึนื›ึดึฃื™ ืึธืจึดึ”ื™ื‘ ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื‘ึผึธื ึทึ–ื™ึดืšึฐ ืึธื ึนื›ึดึฅื™ ืื•ึนืฉืึดึฝื™ืขึทืƒ

English:

Yet thus said GOD:Captives shall be taken from a warriorAnd spoil shall be retrieved from a tyrant;For I will contend with your adversaries,And I will deliver your children.

God's answer: even a warrior's captives will be taken and a tyrant's spoil retrieved, 'for I will contend with your adversaries.' Radak, citing his father, turns the captors' claim against them โ€” they are no 'righteous' possessor but an 'aritz,' a tyrant who seized Israel by force, and God is mightier than they.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ืืช ื™ืจื™ื‘ืš. ื•ืขื ืžืจื™ื‘ื™ืš ืื ื™ ืืจื™ื‘:
and with your contender Heb. ื™ึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึตืšึฐ. And with your contender I will contend.

ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืดื• ยท Verse 26

Hebrew:

ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึดึคื™ ืึถืชึพืžื•ึนื ึทึ™ื™ึดืšึฐึ™ ืึถืชึพื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึธึ”ื ื•ึฐื›ึถืขึธืกึดึ–ื™ืก ื“ึผึธืžึธึฃื ื™ึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธืจึ‘ื•ึผืŸ ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขึฃื•ึผ ื›ื‡ืœึพื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธึ—ืจ ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืึฒื ึดึคื™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ืžึฝื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตึ”ืšึฐ ื•ึฐื’ึนืึฒืœึตึ–ืšึฐ ืึฒื‘ึดึฅื™ืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนึฝื‘ืƒย {ืก}ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

English:

I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh,They shall be drunk with their own blood as with wine.And all humankind shall knowThat I GOD am your Savior,The Mighty One of Jacob, your Redeemer.

The oppressors will devour their own flesh and be drunk on their own blood as with wine, 'and all flesh shall know that I the LORD am your Savior.' Rashi, following Targum Yonatan, refers the eating and drinking to the beasts and birds consuming the fallen taunters; Metzudat David notes that all humankind will then recognize that God did all this โ€” nothing was chance.
โ–ถCommentaries (1)
ืจืฉืดื™Rashi
ื•ื”ืื›ืœืชื™ ืืช ืžื•ื ื™ืš. ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื™' ืœื—ื™ืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื, ืžื•ื ื™ืš ืœ' ืืœ ืชื•ื ื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื”) ืื•ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื ืชืจื™' ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืคื™ื”ื: ื•ื›ืขืกื™ืก. ืžืชืง ื™ื™ืŸ: ื“ืžื ื™ืฉื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื›ืจื• ืžื“ืžื ืื•ืชื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื“ื ื•ืžื™ ื”ื ืืœื• ืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืŸ ืช"ื™:
And those who taunt you I will feed their flesh to the beasts of the field. The word ืžื•ึนื ึทื™ึดืšึฐ is an expression akin to (Lev. 25:14) "You shall not taunt (ืึทืœ ืชึผื•ึนื ื•ึผ)." This denotes taunting with words, those who anger you with their revilings. and as with sweet wine Heb. ื•ึฐื›ึถืขึธืกึดื™ืก. The sweetness of wine. they shall become drunk [from] their blood So shall those accustomed to drink blood become drunk from their blood. Now who are they? These are the fowl of the heavens. So did Jonathan render this.

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